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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 50, S382-S387, April 2009
Copyright © 2009 by American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Atherogenesis

Mechanisms and consequences of macrophage apoptosis in atherosclerosis

Tracie Seimon^* and Ira Tabas^1,*,

^* Departments of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, and Physiology & Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032

This work was supported by the American Heart Association SDG (0735594T) to T.S.; National Institute of Health grants HL087123, HL075662, HL054591, and US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command grant W81XWH-06-1-0212 to I.T.

Published, JLR Papers in Press, October 25, 2008.

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: iat1{at}columbia.edu

ABSTRACT

Macrophage apoptosis is an important feature of atherosclerotic plaque development. Research directed at understanding the functional consequences of macrophage death in atherosclerosis has revealed opposing roles for apoptosis in atherosclerotic plaque progression. In early lesions, macrophage apoptosis limits lesion cellularity and suppresses plaque progression. In advanced lesions, macrophages apoptosis promotes the development of the necrotic core, a key factor in rendering plaques vulnerable to disruption and in acute lumenal thrombosis. The first section of this review will examine the role of phagocytic clearance of apoptotic macrophages, a process known as efferocytosis, in the dichotomous roles of macrophage apoptosis in early vs. advanced lesions. The second section will focus on the molecular and cellular mechanisms that are thought to govern macrophage death during atherosclerosis. Of particular interest is the complex and coordinated role that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) may play in triggering macrophage apoptosis.

Supplementary key words innate immunity • efferocytosis • plaque necrosis • ER stress

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