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J. Lipid Res.
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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1194/jlr.R800080-JLR200 on November 17, 2008

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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 50, S91-S96, April 2009
Copyright © 2009 by American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Metabolism

Bioactive sphingolipids: metabolism and function

Nana Bartke and Yusuf A. Hannun1

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425

This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants GM-43825 and CA-87584.

Published, JLR Papers in Press, November 17, 2008.

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: hannun{at}musc.edu


ABSTRACT

Sphingolipids (SLs) are essential constituents of eukaryotic cells. Besides playing structural roles in cellular membranes, some metabolites, including ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine-1-phosphate, have drawn attention as bioactive signaling molecules involved in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, senescence, and apoptosis. Understanding the many cell regulatory functions of SL metabolites requires an advanced knowledge of how and where in the cell they are generated, converted, or degraded. This review will provide a short overview of the metabolism, localization, and compartmentalization of SLs. Also, a discussion on bioactive members of the SL family and inducers of SL enzymes that lead to ceramide generation will be presented.

Supplementary key words ceramide • bioactive lipids • compartmentalization

Abbreviations: aSMase, lysosomal acid sphingomyelinase; CDase, ceramidase; Cer, ceramide; CerS, ceramide synthase; C1P, ceramide-1-phosphate; dhCer, dihydroceramide; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; GlcCer, glucosylceramide; GSL, glycosphingolipid; IL, interleukin; nSMase, neutral magnesium-dependent sphingomyelinase; PKC, protein kinase C; S1P, sphingosine-1-phosphate; SK, sphingosine kinase; SL, sphingolipid; SM, sphingomyelin; SMase, sphingomyelinase; Sph, sphingosine; TNF, tumor necrosis factor


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JLR 50th Anniversary Collections
Anniversary Collection:: Metabolism



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