J. Lipid Res.
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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 8, 249-254, May 1967
Copyright © 1967 by Lipid Research, Inc.

Biosynthesis of retinoic acid by intestinal enzymes of the rat

F. D. Crain , F. J. Lotspeich , and R. F. Krause

West Virginia University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506

The incubation of ßbeta;-carotene-14C with the soluble fraction of the intestinal mucosa resulted in the formation of small amounts of acidic material. The addition of NAD or NADH to the soluble fraction caused a tenfold increase in this material. Incubation of retinal-15-14C with the soluble fraction of the intestinal mucosa plus NAD or NADH resulted in the conversion of 80-90% of the retinal to acidic material, which has been shown to contain retinoic acid.

In vivo studies on the formation of retinoic acid in the intestinal mucosa after the administration of ßbeta;-carotene-14C revealed that an appreciable amount of ßbeta;-carotene was converted to acidic compounds. When retinal-15-14C was administered, portal blood contained 30-40% of the absorbed radioactivity. 24% of this radioactivity was found in acidic material, which has been shown to contain retinoic acid.

It is suggested that enzymes in rat intestine cleave ßbeta;-carotene to retinal and oxidize the latter to retinoic acid, which is then transported via the portal circulation to the liver.

Supplementary key words ßbeta;-carotene • cleavage • retinal • oxidation • retinoic acid • biosynthesis • intestinal mucosa • portal blood • metabolism • absorption • chromatography • rat

Submitted on December 8, 1966
Accepted on February 17, 1967


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X.-D. Wang, R. M. Russell, C. Liu, F. Stickel, D. E. Smith, and N. I. Krinsky
beta -Oxidation in Rabbit Liver in Vitro and in the Perfused Ferret Liver Contributes to Retinoic Acid Biosynthesis from beta -Apocarotenoic Acids
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