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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 8, 551-557, November 1967
Copyright © 1967 by Lipid Research, Inc.
Department of Medicine, Research Building, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
The behavior of purified egg lecithin in water has been investigated in relation to the quantity of water present and the temperature. The complete binary phase diagram of egg lecithin-water is presented as well as X-ray diffraction data on selected mixtures. Dry egg lecithin is present in at least partially crystalline form until about 40°C. Above this temperature it forms a "wax-like" phase up to about 88°C. From 88 to 109°C it forms a viscous isotropic phase which gives face-centered cubic spacings by X-ray analysis. Above 110°C its texture is "neat" and the structure is assumed to be lamellar until its final melting point at 231°C.
Hydrated lecithin forms (except for a small zone of cubic phase at low water concentrations and high temperature) a lamellar liquid crystalline phase. This phase contains up to 45% water at 20°C. Mixtures containing more water separate into two phases, the lamellar liquid crystalline phase and water. In the melting curve of hydrated lecithin a eutectic is noted at about 16% water and the cubic phase seen when less water is present disappears at this composition of the mixture.
These facts, along with previous vapor pressure measurements, suggest that there is a structural change at about 16% water. X-ray diffraction studies of lecithin at 24°C and calculations from these data suggest that the reason for this may be the presence of a "free water layer" when more than 16% water is present.
Supplementary key words egg lecithin structure, dry and hydrated • binary phase diagram • small angle X-ray diffraction • liquid crystals • membranes • lipid bilayers • myelin figures • phospholipids
Submitted on April 10, 1967
Accepted on June 23, 1967
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