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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 9, 155-167, March 1968
Copyright © 1968 by Lipid Research, Inc.

The plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase reaction

John A. Glomset

Department of Medicine and Regional Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105

Evidence for the existence of a plasma lecithin : cholesterol acyltransferase is reviewed with emphasis not only on the lipid reactants, but also on the lipoprotein "substrates" and "products." The cholesteryl esters of all major lipoprotein classes become labeled when plasma is incubated with cholesterol-¹⁴C. However, the smaller, lecithin-rich high density lipoproteins appear to be preferred substrates. Most studies of factors that influence the acyltransferase reaction have not adequately distinguished between effects on the enzyme and effects on the lipoprotein substrates. However, the fact that cholesterol esterification is diminished in plasma from eviscerated animals or from patients with reduced liver function suggests that the liver may regulate both the level of the enzyme and that of the substrates. Several indications exist that the acyltransferase reaction is the major source of plasma esterified cholesterol in man. Furthermore, the reaction may have a broader, extracellular function. One possibility is that it plays a role in the transport of cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver.

Supplementary key words acyltransferase • plasma • lecithin • cholesterol • cholesteryl ester • lysolecithin • lipoproteins • cholesterol transport • peripheral tissues • liver

Submitted on October 4, 1967

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				P. G. Yancey, A. E. Bortnick, G. Kellner-Weibel, M. de la Llera-Moya, M. C. Phillips, and G. H. Rothblat Importance of Different Pathways of Cellular Cholesterol Efflux Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, May 1, 2003; 23(5): 712 - 719. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. T. Lada, L. L. Rudel, and R. W. St. Clair Effects of LDL enriched with different dietary fatty acids on cholesteryl ester accumulation and turnover in THP-1 macrophages J. Lipid Res., April 1, 2003; 44(4): 770 - 779. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. S. Woll, N. Q. Hanson, and M. Y. Tsai Absence of ABCA1 Mutations in Individuals with Low Serum HDL-Cholesterol Clin. Chem., March 1, 2003; 49(3): 521 - 522. [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. E. Temel, J. S. Parks, and D. L. Williams Enhancement of Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I-mediated Selective Cholesteryl Ester Uptake from apoA-I-/- High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) by Apolipoprotein A-I Requires HDL Reorganization by Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase J. Biol. Chem., February 7, 2003; 278(7): 4792 - 4799. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Basso, L. Freeman, C. L. Knapper, A. Remaley, J. Stonik, E. B. Neufeld, T. Tansey, M. J. A. Amar, J. Fruchart-Najib, N. Duverger, et al. Role of the hepatic ABCA1 transporter in modulating intrahepatic cholesterol and plasma HDL cholesterol concentrations J. Lipid Res., February 1, 2003; 44(2): 296 - 302. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. A. Connelly, G. Kellner-Weibel, G. H. Rothblat, and D. L. Williams SR-BI-directed HDL-cholesteryl ester hydrolysis J. Lipid Res., February 1, 2003; 44(2): 331 - 341. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Gargalovic and L. Dory Caveolins and macrophage lipid metabolism J. Lipid Res., January 1, 2003; 44(1): 11 - 21. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Cao, T. P. Beyer, X. P. Yang, R. J. Schmidt, Y. Zhang, W. R. Bensch, R. F. Kauffman, H. Gao, T. P. Ryan, Y. Liang, et al. Phospholipid Transfer Protein Is Regulated by Liver X Receptors in Vivo J. Biol. Chem., October 11, 2002; 277(42): 39561 - 39565. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. G. Brown, M. C. Cheung, A. C. Lee, X.-Q. Zhao, and A. Chait Antioxidant Vitamins and Lipid Therapy: End of a Long Romance? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, October 1, 2002; 22(10): 1535 - 1546. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Hyogo, S. Roy, B. Paigen, and D. E. Cohen Leptin Promotes Biliary Cholesterol Elimination during Weight Loss in ob/ob Mice by Regulating the Enterohepatic Circulation of Bile Salts J. Biol. Chem., September 6, 2002; 277(37): 34117 - 34124. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C.-a. Wu, M. Tsujita, K. Okumura-Noji, S. Usui, H. Kakuuchi, M. Okazaki, and S. Yokoyama Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Expressed in Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase-Deficient Mice Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, August 1, 2002; 22(8): 1347 - 1353. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. E. Temel, R. L. Walzem, C. L. Banka, and D. L. Williams Apolipoprotein A-I Is Necessary for the in Vivo Formation of High Density Lipoprotein Competent for Scavenger Receptor BI-mediated Cholesteryl Ester-selective Uptake J. Biol. Chem., July 12, 2002; 277(29): 26565 - 26572. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. E. Brousseau, J. J. O'Connor Jr, J. M. Ordovas, D. Collins, J. D. Otvos, T. Massov, J. R. McNamara, H. B. Rubins, S. J. Robins, and E. J. Schaefer Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein TaqI B2B2 Genotype Is Associated With Higher HDL Cholesterol Levels and Lower Risk of Coronary Heart Disease End Points in Men With HDL Deficiency: Veterans Affairs HDL Cholesterol Intervention Trial Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, July 1, 2002; 22(7): 1148 - 1154. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. A. Feister, B. J. Auerbach, L. A. Cole, B. R. Krause, and S. K. Karathanasis Identification of an IL-6 response element in the human LCAT promoter J. Lipid Res., June 1, 2002; 43(6): 960 - 970. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Hockerstedt, M. J. Tikkanen, and M. Jauhiainen LCAT facilitates transacylation of 17{beta}-estradiol in the presence of HDL3 subfraction J. Lipid Res., March 1, 2002; 43(3): 392 - 397. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. W. Furbee Jr., O. Francone, and J. S. Parks In vivo contribution of LCAT to apolipoprotein B lipoprotein cholesteryl esters in LDL receptor and apolipoprotein E knockout mice J. Lipid Res., March 1, 2002; 43(3): 428 - 437. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. M. Baez, S. E. Barbour, and D. E. Cohen Phosphatidylcholine Transfer Protein Promotes Apolipoprotein A-I-mediated Lipid Efflux in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells J. Biol. Chem., February 15, 2002; 277(8): 6198 - 6206. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. W. Furbee Jr., J. K. Sawyer, and J. S. Parks Lecithin:Cholesterol Acyltransferase Deficiency Increases Atherosclerosis in the Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor and Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice J. Biol. Chem., January 25, 2002; 277(5): 3511 - 3519. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. W. Chisholm, E. R. Burleson, G. S. Shelness, and J. S. Parks ApoA-I secretion from HepG2 cells: evidence for the secretion of both lipid-poor apoA-I and intracellularly assembled nascent HDL J. Lipid Res., January 1, 2002; 43(1): 36 - 44. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. S. van der Gaag, A. van Tol, S. H. F. Vermunt, L. M. Scheek, G. Schaafsma, and H. F. J. Hendriks Alcohol consumption stimulates early steps in reverse cholesterol transport J. Lipid Res., December 1, 2001; 42(12): 2077 - 2083. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. E. Panagotopulos, E. M. Horace, J. N. Maiorano, and W. S. Davidson Apolipoprotein A-I Adopts a Belt-like Orientation in Reconstituted High Density Lipoproteins J. Biol. Chem., November 9, 2001; 276(46): 42965 - 42970. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. D. Attie, J. P. Kastelein, and M. R. Hayden Pivotal role of ABCA1 in reverse cholesterol transport influencing HDL levels and susceptibility to atherosclerosis J. Lipid Res., November 1, 2001; 42(11): 1717 - 1726. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. W. Furbee Jr., O. Francone, and J. S. Parks Alteration of plasma HDL cholesteryl ester composition with transgenic expression of a point mutation (E149A) of human LCAT J. Lipid Res., October 1, 2001; 42(10): 1626 - 1635. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. Khovidhunkit, A. H. Moser, J. K. Shigenaga, C. Grunfeld, and K. R. Feingold Regulation of scavenger receptor class B type I in hamster liver and Hep3B cells by endotoxin and cytokines J. Lipid Res., October 1, 2001; 42(10): 1636 - 1644. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. B. Mathiesen, K. H. Bonaa, and O. Joakimsen Low Levels of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Are Associated With Echolucent Carotid Artery Plaques: The Tromso Study Stroke, September 1, 2001; 32(9): 1960 - 1965. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]