J. Lipid Res. Neurobiology of Lipids (ISSN1683-5506)
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A more recent version of this article appeared on June 1, 2004

Papers In Press, published online ahead of print April 1, 2004
J. Lipid Res., doi:10.1194/jlr.M300502-JLR200
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Submitted on December 8, 2003
Revised on April 1, 2004
Accepted on March 31, 2004

Natural ouccerence of cancer preventive geranylgeranoic acid in medicinal herbs

Yoshihiro Shidoji and Hiroko Ogawa

Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Siebold University of Nagasaki, Nagayo, Nagasaki 851-2195

Corresponding Author: shidoji{at}sun.ac.jp

Geranylgeranoic acid (GGA, all-trans 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2,6,10,14-hexadecatetraenoic acid) has been shown to induce apoptosis in a human hepatoma-derived cell line, HuH-7. We aimed not only to confirm the apoptogenic property of GGA and its derivetives, but also to search for natural GGA in medicinal herbs. GGA induced apoptosis in human hepatoma-derived cell lines, HuH-7, PLC/PRF-5 and mouse transformed hepatocyte-derived cell line, MLE-10 in a dose and time-dependent manner, but failed to induce cell death in human hepatoblastoma-derived HepG-2 and mouse primary hepatocytes in the same condition. Besides GGA, 4,5-didehydro GGA, 14,15-dihydro GGA, and 2,3-dihydro GGA were also active to induce cell death in HuH-7 cells, while 4,5-didehydro-10,11,14,15-tetrahydro GGA, 4,5,8,9-tetrahydro GGA, farnesoic acid, and geranylgeraniol were inert. By using LC/MS, we found natural GGA as a negative ion of m/z 303.4 in a chinese herb, Schisandra chinensis and Schisandra GGA was identified by derivatization with both mild methylation and catalytic hydrogenation. Some other GGAs hydrogenated in the different degrees including phytanic acid (perhydro GGA) were also found in Schisandra chinensis. GGA and phytanic acid were detected in 24 out of 25 herbs tested. The present study is the first report of natural GGA in medicinal herbs.o


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 CarcinogenesisHome page
R. de Moura Espindola, R. P. Mazzantini, T. P. Ong, A. de Conti, R. Heidor, and F. S. Moreno
Geranylgeraniol and {beta}-ionone inhibit hepatic preneoplastic lesions, cell proliferation, total plasma cholesterol and DNA damage during the initial phases of hepatocarcinogenesis, but only the former inhibits NF-{kappa}B activation
Carcinogenesis, June 1, 2005; 26(6): 1091 - 1099.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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