J. Lipid Res.
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A more recent version of this article appeared on September 1, 2005

Papers In Press, published online ahead of print June 1, 2005
J. Lipid Res., doi:10.1194/jlr.M500127-JLR200
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Submitted on April 1, 2005
Accepted on May 16, 2005

In vivo comparison of the conversion of 18- and 20-carbon essential fatty acids in adult rats using the multiple simultaneous stable isotopes method

Yu-Hong Lin and Norman Salem . Jr

LMBB, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-9410

Corresponding Author: nsalem{at}niaaa.nih.gov

An important question for mammalian nutrition is the relative efficiency of C18 vs. C20 essential fatty acids (EFA) for supporting the tissue composition of the n-3 and n-6 pathway end products. One specific question then is whether C22 EFAs are made available to tissues more effectively by dietary linolenate (18:3n-3) and linoleate (18:2n-6) or by dietary eicosapentaenoate (20:5n-3) and dihomo-gamma-linolenate (20:3n-6). In order to address this question in a direct manner, four stable isotope compounds were given simultaneously in a novel paradigm. A single oral dose of a mixture of 2H5-18:3n-3, 13C-U-20:5n-3, 13C-U-18:2n-6 and 2H5-20:3n-6 was administered to rats given a defined diet. There was a preferential in vivo conversion of 20:4n-6 to 22:4n-6 and 22:4n-6 to 22:5n-6 when the substrates originated from the C18 precursors. However, when the end products (22:6n-3 or 22:5n-6) were expressed as the total amount in the plasma compartment divided by the dosage, this parameter was 11-fold greater for 20:5n-3 than for 18:3n-3 and 14-fold greater for 20:3n-6 than for 18:2n-6. jlr Thus on a per dosage basis, the total amounts of n-3 and n-6 end products accreted in plasma were considerably greater for C20 EFA precursors relative to C18.


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