J. Lipid Res. Neurobiology of Lipids (ISSN1683-5506)
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A more recent version of this article appeared on December 1, 2005

Papers In Press, published online ahead of print September 8, 2005
J. Lipid Res., doi:10.1194/jlr.M500221-JLR200
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Submitted on June 2, 2005
Revised on August 22, 2005
Accepted on August 23, 2005

Lipid mixtures prepared with well-defined synthetic ceramides closely mimic the unique stratum corneum lipid phase behavior

Miranda W. de Jager, Gert S. Gooris, Maria Ponec, and Joke A. Bouwstra

Drug Delivery Technology, LACDR, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden NL-2300 RA

Corresponding Author: bouwstra{at}chem.leidenuniv.nl

Lipid lamellae present in the outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum, form the main barrier for diffusion of molecules through the skin. The presence of a unique 13 nm lamellar phase and its high crystallinity are characteristic for the stratum corneum lipid phase behavior. In the present study, small and wide angle X-ray diffraction were used to examine the organization in lipid mixtures prepared with a unique set of well-defined synthetic ceramides, varying from each other in head group architecture and acyl chain length. The results show that equimolar mixtures of cholesterol, free fatty acids and synthetic ceramides (resembling the composition of pig ceramides) closely resemble the lamellar and lateral stratum corneum lipid organization, both at room and elevated temperatures. Exclusion of several ceramide classes from the mixture does not affect the lipid organization. However, complete substitution of ceramide 1 (acylceramide with a sphingosine base) with ceramide 9 (acylceramide with a phytosphingosine base) reduces the formation of the long periodicity lamellar phase. This indicates that the head group architecture of acylceramides affects the lipid organization. In conclusion, lipid mixtures prepared with well-defined synthetic ceramides offer an attractive tool to unravel the importance of molecular structure of individual ceramides for proper lipid organization.


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M. Arseneault and M. Lafleur
Cholesterol Sulfate and Ca2+ Modulate the Mixing Properties of Lipids in Stratum Corneum Model Mixtures
Biophys. J., January 1, 2007; 92(1): 99 - 114.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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