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A more recent version of this article appeared on December 1, 2007

Papers In Press, published online ahead of print August 28, 2007
J. Lipid Res., doi:10.1194/jlr.M700345-JLR200
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Submitted on August 1, 2007
Revised on August 27, 2007
Accepted on August 27, 2007

Fenofibrate reduces intestinal cholesterol absorption via PPARalpha -dependent modulation of NPC1L1 expression in mouse

Mark A. Valasek, Stephen L. Clarke, and Joyce J. Repa

Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9077

Corresponding Author: joyce.repa{at}utsouthwestern.edu

Fibrates, including fenofibrate, exert their biological effects by binding peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha ), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. Treatment with PPARalpha agonists enhances fatty acid oxidation, decreases plasma triglycerides, and may promote reverse cholesterol transport. In addition, fibrate administration can reduce intestinal cholesterol absorption in patients, however the molecular mechanism for this effect is unknown. Because Niemann-Pick C1 like 1 (NPC1L1) is already known to be a critical protein for cholesterol absorption, we hypothesized that fenofibrate might modulate NPC1L1 expression to alter intestinal cholesterol transport. Here we find that fenofibrate-treated wild-type mice have decreased fractional cholesterol absorption (35-47% decrease) and increased fecal neutral sterol excretion (51-83% increase), which correspond to decreased expression of NPC1L1 mRNA and protein (38-66% decrease) in proximal small intestine. These effects of fenofibrate are dependent on PPARalpha , as Pparalpha -knockout mice fail to respond like wild-type littermates. Fenofibrate impacts the ezetimibe-sensitive pathway, and retains the ability to decrease cholesterol absorption and NPC1L1 mRNA expression in chow-fed liver X receptor alpha /beta -double-knockout mice, and high-cholesterol or cholic acid-fed wild-type mice. These data demonstrate that fenofibrate specifically acts via PPARalpha to decrease cholesterol absorption at the level of intestinal NPC1L1 expression.


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