| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Papers In Press, published online ahead of print May 16, 2004
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390-8887
Corresponding Author: john.dietschy{at}utsouthwestern.edu
Unesterified cholesterol is an essential structural component of the plasma membrane of every cell. During evolution, this membrane came to play an additional, highly specialized role in the central nervous system (CNS) as the major architectural component of compact myelin. As a consequence, in the human the mean concentration of unesterified cholesterol in the CNS is higher than in any other tissue (~23 mg/g). Furthermore, even though the CNS accounts for only 2.1% of body weight, it contains 23% of the sterol present in the whole body pool. In all animals, most growth and differentiation of the CNS occurs in the first few weeks or years after birth, and the cholesterol required for this growth apparently comes exclusively from de novo synthesis. Currently, there is no evidence for net transfer of sterol from the blood into the brain or spinal cord. In adults, the rate of synthesis exceeds the need for new structural sterol so that net movement of cholesterol out of the CNS must take place. At least two pathways are used for this excretory process, one of which involves the formation of 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol. Whether or not changes in the plasma cholesterol concentration alter sterol metabolism in the CNS or whether such changes affect cognitive function in the brain or the incidence of dementia remains uncertain at this time.
Revised on May 6, 2004
Accepted on May 9, 2004
Cholesterol metabolism in the central nervous system during early development and in the mature animal
CiteULike 
Complore 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us 
Digg 
Reddit 
Technorati What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  V. Leoni, C. Mariotti, S. J. Tabrizi, M. Valenza, E. J. Wild, S. M. D. Henley, N. Z. Hobbs, M. L. Mandelli, M. Grisoli, I. Bjorkhem, et al. Plasma 24S-hydroxycholesterol and caudate MRI in pre-manifest and early Huntington's disease Brain, September 4, 2008; (2008) awn212v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Li, S. D. Turley, B. Liu, J. J. Repa, and J. M. Dietschy GM2/GD2 and GM3 gangliosides have no effect on cellular cholesterol pools or turnover in normal or NPC1 mice J. Lipid Res., August 1, 2008; 49(8): 1816 - 1828. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Kontush and M. J. Chapman HDL: Close to Our Memories? Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., August 1, 2008; 28(8): 1418 - 1420. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Sura, R. Sura, A. E. EnayetAllah, and D. F. Grant Distribution and Expression of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase in Human Brain J. Histochem. Cytochem., June 1, 2008; 56(6): 551 - 559. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Lyly, S. K. Marjavaara, A. Kyttala, K. Uusi-Rauva, K. Luiro, O. Kopra, L. O. Martinez, K. Tanhuanpaa, N. Kalkkinen, A. Suomalainen, et al. Deficiency of the INCL protein Ppt1 results in changes in ectopic F1-ATP synthase and altered cholesterol metabolism Hum. Mol. Genet., May 15, 2008; 17(10): 1406 - 1417. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Wang, L. Yvan-Charvet, D. Lutjohann, M. Mulder, T. Vanmierlo, T.-W. Kim, and A. R. Tall ATP-binding cassette transporters G1 and G4 mediate cholesterol and desmosterol efflux to HDL and regulate sterol accumulation in the brain FASEB J, April 1, 2008; 22(4): 1073 - 1082. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Ponce, N. P. de la Ossa, O. Hurtado, M. Millan, J. F. Arenillas, A. Davalos, and T. Gasull Simvastatin Reduces the Association of NMDA Receptors to Lipid Rafts: A Cholesterol-Mediated Effect in Neuroprotection Stroke, April 1, 2008; 39(4): 1269 - 1275. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Manzi, A. L. Loizzo, G. Giana, and P. Curatolo Autism and Metabolic Diseases J Child Neurol, March 1, 2008; 23(3): 307 - 314. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. G. Pond, H. J. Mersmann, D. Su, J. J. McGlone, M. B. Wheeler, and E. O. Smith Neonatal Dietary Cholesterol and Alleles of Cholesterol 7-{alpha} Hydroxylase Affect Piglet Cerebrum Weight, Cholesterol Concentration, and Behavior J. Nutr., February 1, 2008; 138(2): 282 - 286. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. M. Carter, L. Demizieux, R. B. Campenot, D. E. Vance, and J. E. Vance Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis via CTP:Phosphocholine Cytidylyltransferase 2 Facilitates Neurite Outgrowth and Branching J. Biol. Chem., January 4, 2008; 283(1): 202 - 212. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. J. Repa, H. Li, T. C. Frank-Cannon, M. A. Valasek, S. D. Turley, M. G. Tansey, and J. M. Dietschy Liver X Receptor Activation Enhances Cholesterol Loss from the Brain, Decreases Neuroinflammation, and Increases Survival of the NPC1 Mouse J. Neurosci., December 26, 2007; 27(52): 14470 - 14480. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Cao, H. Lu, T. L. Lewis, and L. Li Intake of Sucrose-sweetened Water Induces Insulin Resistance and Exacerbates Memory Deficits and Amyloidosis in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer Disease J. Biol. Chem., December 14, 2007; 282(50): 36275 - 36282. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H.-S. Hoe, M. J. Cooper, M. P. Burns, P. A. Lewis, M. van der Brug, G. Chakraborty, C. M. Cartagena, D. T. S. Pak, M. R. Cookson, and G. W. Rebeck The Metalloprotease Inhibitor TIMP-3 Regulates Amyloid Precursor Protein and Apolipoprotein E Receptor Proteolysis J. Neurosci., October 3, 2007; 27(40): 10895 - 10905. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Pertusa, C. Morenilla-Palao, C. Carteron, F. Viana, and H. Cabedo Transcriptional Control of Cholesterol Biosynthesis in Schwann Cells by Axonal Neuregulin 1 J. Biol. Chem., September 28, 2007; 282(39): 28768 - 28778. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Valenza, J. B. Carroll, V. Leoni, L. N. Bertram, I. Bjorkhem, R. R. Singaraja, S. Di Donato, D. Lutjohann, M. R. Hayden, and E. Cattaneo Cholesterol biosynthesis pathway is disturbed in YAC128 mice and is modulated by huntingtin mutation Hum. Mol. Genet., September 15, 2007; 16(18): 2187 - 2198. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-i. Ito, Y. Nagayasu, K. Okumura-Noji, R. Lu, T. Nishida, Y. Miura, K. Asai, A. Kheirollah, S. Nakaya, and S. Yokoyama Mechanism for FGF-1 to regulate biogenesis of apoE-HDL in astrocytes J. Lipid Res., September 1, 2007; 48(9): 2020 - 2027. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Liu, C. Xie, J. A. Richardson, S. D. Turley, and J. M. Dietschy Receptor-mediated and bulk-phase endocytosis cause macrophage and cholesterol accumulation in Niemann-Pick C disease J. Lipid Res., August 1, 2007; 48(8): 1710 - 1723. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. G. Woods, J. P. Vanden Heuvel, and I. Rusyn Genomic Profiling in Nuclear Receptor-Mediated Toxicity Toxicol Pathol, June 1, 2007; 35(4): 474 - 494. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Guizzetti and L. Costa Cholesterol homeostasis in the developing brain: a possible new target for ethanol Human and Experimental Toxicology, April 1, 2007; 26(4): 355 - 360. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. P. Beltroy, B. Liu, J. M. Dietschy, and S. D. Turley Lysosomal unesterified cholesterol content correlates with liver cell death in murine Niemann-Pick type C disease J. Lipid Res., April 1, 2007; 48(4): 869 - 881. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Karu, M. Hornshaw, G. Woffendin, K. Bodin, M. Hamberg, G. Alvelius, J. Sjovall, J. Turton, Y. Wang, and W. J. Griffiths Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry utilizing multi-stage fragmentation for the identification of oxysterols J. Lipid Res., April 1, 2007; 48(4): 976 - 987. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Meaney, M. Heverin, U. Panzenboeck, L. Ekstrom, M. Axelsson, U. Andersson, U. Diczfalusy, I. Pikuleva, J. Wahren, W. Sattler, et al. Novel route for elimination of brain oxysterols across the blood-brain barrier: conversion into 7{alpha}-hydroxy-3-oxo-4-cholestenoic acid J. Lipid Res., April 1, 2007; 48(4): 944 - 951. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Hayashi, R. B. Campenot, D. E. Vance, and J. E. Vance Apolipoprotein E-Containing Lipoproteins Protect Neurons from Apoptosis via a Signaling Pathway Involving Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1 J. Neurosci., February 21, 2007; 27(8): 1933 - 1941. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Sugii, S. Lin, N. Ohgami, M. Ohashi, C. C. Y. Chang, and T.-Y. Chang Roles of Endogenously Synthesized Sterols in the Endocytic Pathway J. Biol. Chem., August 11, 2006; 281(32): 23191 - 23206. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Xie, J. A. Richardson, S. D. Turley, and J. M. Dietschy Cholesterol substrate pools and steroid hormone levels are normal in the face of mutational inactivation of NPC1 protein J. Lipid Res., May 1, 2006; 47(5): 953 - 963. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. J. Kotti, D. M. O. Ramirez, B. E. Pfeiffer, K. M. Huber, and D. W. Russell Brain cholesterol turnover required for geranylgeraniol production and learning in mice PNAS, March 7, 2006; 103(10): 3869 - 3874. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. M. Thelen, K. M. Rentsch, U. Gutteck, M. Heverin, M. Olin, U. Andersson, A. von Eckardstein, I. Bjorkhem, and D. Lutjohann Brain Cholesterol Synthesis in Mice Is Affected by High Dose of Simvastatin but Not of Pravastatin J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., March 1, 2006; 316(3): 1146 - 1152. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Ohyama, S. Meaney, M. Heverin, L. Ekstrom, A. Brafman, M. Shafir, U. Andersson, M. Olin, G. Eggertsen, U. Diczfalusy, et al. Studies on the Transcriptional Regulation of Cholesterol 24-Hydroxylase (CYP46A1): MARKED INSENSITIVITY TOWARD DIFFERENT REGULATORY AXES J. Biol. Chem., February 17, 2006; 281(7): 3810 - 3820. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Bartzokis, P. H. Lu, D. H. Geschwind, N. Edwards, J. Mintz, and J. L. Cummings Apolipoprotein E Genotype and Age-Related Myelin Breakdown in Healthy Individuals: Implications for Cognitive Decline and Dementia Arch Gen Psychiatry, January 1, 2006; 63(1): 63 - 72. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Koldamova, M. Staufenbiel, and I. Lefterov Lack of ABCA1 Considerably Decreases Brain ApoE Level and Increases Amyloid Deposition in APP23 Mice J. Biol. Chem., December 30, 2005; 280(52): 43224 - 43235. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. A Woollett Maternal cholesterol in fetal development: transport of cholesterol from the maternal to the fetal circulation Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, December 1, 2005; 82(6): 1155 - 1161. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T.-Y. Chang, P. C. Reid, S. Sugii, N. Ohgami, J. C. Cruz, and C. C. Y. Chang Niemann-Pick Type C Disease and Intracellular Cholesterol Trafficking J. Biol. Chem., June 3, 2005; 280(22): 20917 - 20920. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. K. Keller, M. Small, and S. J. Fliesler Enzyme blockade: a nonradioactive method to determine the absolute rate of cholesterol synthesis in the brain J. Lipid Res., October 1, 2004; 45(10): 1952 - 1957. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH |
| All ASBMB Journals | Journal of Biological Chemistry |
| Molecular and Cellular Proteomics | ASBMB Today |
