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J. Lipid Res.
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A more recent version of this article appeared on November 1, 2008

Papers In Press, published online ahead of print August 29, 2008
J. Lipid Res., doi:10.1194/jlr.R800018-JLR200
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Submitted on August 15, 2008
Revised on August 29, 2008
Accepted on August 29, 2008

DGAT enzymes and triacylglycerol biosynthesis

Chi-Liang Eric Yen, Scot J. Stone, Suneil Koliwad, Charles Harris, and Robert V. Farese . Jr

Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94141-9100

Corresponding Author: bfarese{at}gladstone.ucsf.edu

Triacylglycerols (triglycerides) are the major storage molecules of metabolic energy and fatty acids in most living organisms. Excessive accumulation of triacylglycerols, however, is associated with human diseases, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, and steatohepatitis. The final and the only committed step in the biosynthesis of triacylglycerols is catalyzed by acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) enzymes. The genes encoding two DGAT enzymes, DGAT1 and DGAT2, were identified in the past decade, and the use of molecular tools, including mice deficient in either enzyme, has shed light on their functions. Although DGAT enzymes are involved in triacylglycerol synthesis, they have distinct protein sequences and differ in their biochemical, cellular, and physiological functions. Both enzymes may be useful as therapeutic targets for diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of DGAT enzymes, focusing on new advances since the cloning of their genes, including possible roles in human health and diseases.


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