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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 43, 2146-2154, December 2002
Copyright © 2002 by Lipid Research, Inc.

Lack of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 function induces a palmitoyl-CoA 6 desaturase and represses the stearoyl-CoA desaturase-3 gene in the preputial glands of the mouse

Makoto Miyazaki^*, Francisco Enrique Gomez^* and James M. Ntambi^1,*,

^* Departments of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: ntambi{at}biochem.wisc.edu

The mouse preputial gland (PG), a specialized sebaceous structure, is rich in wax esters, triglycerides, and alkyl-2,3-diacylglycerol. We have found that the mouse PG expresses the three gene isoforms (SCD1, SCD2, and SCD3) of the 9 stearoyl-CoA desaturase enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids mainly, C16:1n-7 and C18:1n-9. However, mice with a targeted disruption in the SCD1 isoform (SCD1^-/-) have undetectable SCD3 mRNA expression in the PG while the expression of SCD2 isoform was not altered. The levels of C16:1n-7 were reduced by greater than 70% while that of C18:1n-9 were reduced by 28%. The content of the C16:1n-10 (6 hexadecenoic acid) isomer and a major fatty acid of the PG was increased by greater than 2-fold, mainly in the wax ester fraction of the SCD1^-/- mouse. We demonstrate that the increase in C16:1n-10 is due to induction of a specific palmitoyl-CoA 6 desaturase activity. Testosterone administration to the SCD1^-/- mouse induced SCD3 mRNA expression and resulted in an increase in the 9 desaturation of 16:0-CoA, but not of 18:0-CoA.

These observations demonstrate that loss of SCD1 function alters the expression of SCD3 and reveal for the first time the presence and regulation of a palmitoyl-CoA 6 desaturase enzyme in mammals.

Abbreviations: FAS, fatty acid synthase; PG, preputial gland; SCD, stearoyl-CoA desaturase; SREBP, sterol regulatory element binding protein

Supplementary key words 6 hexadecenoic acid • wax esters • triglycerides • gene isoforms

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