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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 44, 41-48, January 2003
Copyright © 2003 by Lipid Research, Inc.

Plasma fatty acids and [¹³C]linoleic acid metabolism in preterm infants fed a formula with medium-chain triglycerides

Maria Rodriguez^*, Simone Funke, Maria Fink^*, Hans Demmelmair^*, Marco Turini, Gayle Crozier and Berthold Koletzko^1,*

^* Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
Department of Paediatrics, University Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
Nestec S.A., Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc, Switzerland

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: bkoletz{at}helios.med.uni-muenchen.de

Most preterm infant formulas contain medium-chain triacylglycerols (MCT), but the effects of MCT on polyunsaturated fatty acid status and metabolism are controversial. Thus, we studied the effects of MCT on linoleic acid metabolism using stable isotopes. Enterally fed preterm infants were randomized to receive for 7 days 40% of fat as MCT (n = 10) or a formula without MCT (n = 9). At study day 5, infants received orally 2 mg/kg body weight of ¹³C-labeled linoleic acid. Fatty acids in plasma lipid classes and ¹³C enrichment of phospholipid fatty acids were measured and tracer oxidation was monitored. Compared with the control group, the MCT group showed lower breath ¹³CO₂ and higher plasma triacylglycerol contents of octanoic acid, of decanoic acid, and of total long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (57.1 ± 4.4 µmol/l vs. 37.9 ± 4.8 µmol/l, P < 0.01). Concentrations of several polyunsaturated fatty acids in plasma phospholipids and non esterified fatty acids were higher in the MCT group. ¹³C concentrations in phospholipid n-6 fatty acids indicated no difference in the relative conversion of linoleic to arachidonic acid.

We conclude that oral MCT effectively reduce polyunsaturated fatty acid and long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid oxidation in preterm infants without compromising endogenous n-6 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis.

Abbreviations: AP, atom percent; APE, atom percent excess; LCFA, long chain fatty acid; LCP, long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids; LCT, long chain triacylglycerol; MCFA, medium chain fatty acids (8:0–12:0); MCT, medium chain triacylglycerols (8:0–12:0); MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; SFA, saturated fatty acids

Supplementary key words long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid • tracer • long-chain triacylglycerols • LCT • fatty acid oxidation

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