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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 44, 1241-1250, June 2003
Copyright © 2003 by Lipid Research, Inc.

Purification, localization, and expression of human intestinal alkaline sphingomyelinase

Rui-Dong Duan^1,*, Yajun Cheng^*, Gert Hansen, Erik Hertervig, Jian-Jun Liu^*, Ingvar Syk^**, Hans Sjöström and Åke Nilsson

^* Gastroenterology Laboratory, Biomedical Center, B11, University of Lund, S-221 84 Lund, Sweden
Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Medicine, Lund University Hospital, S-221 85 Lund, Sweden
^** Department of Surgery, Malmö University Hospital, S-20502, Malmö, Sweden

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: rui-dong.duan{at}med.lu.se

Sphingomyelin (SM) metabolism in the gut may have an impact on colon cancer development. In this study, we purified alkaline sphingomyelinase (alk-SMase) from human intestinal content, and studied its location in the mucosa, expression in colon cancer, and function on colon cancer cells. The enzyme was purified by a series of chromatographies. The molecular mass of the enzyme is 60 kDa, optimal pH is 8.5, and isoelectric point is 6.6. Under optimal conditions, 1 mg of the enzyme hydrolyzed 11 mM SM per hour. The properties of the enzyme are similar to those of rat intestinal alk-SMase but not to those of bacterial neutral SMase. Immunogold electronmicroscopy identified the enzyme on the microvillar membrane in endosome-like structures and in the Golgi complexes of human enterocytes. The expression and the activity of the enzyme were decreased in parallel in human colon cancer tissues compared with the adjacent normal tissue. The enzyme inhibited DNA biosynthesis and cell proliferation dose dependently and caused a reduction of SM in HT29 cells.

Intestinal alk-SMase is localized in the enterocytes, down-regulated in human colon cancer, and may have antiproliferative effects on colon cancer cells.

Supplementary key words colon cancer • apoptosis • proliferation • sphingolipid

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