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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 44, 1713-1719, September 2003
Copyright © 2003 by American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Phytosterols in low- and nonfat beverages as part of a controlled diet fail to lower plasma lipid levels

Peter J. H. Jones¹, Catherine A. Vanstone, Mahmoud Raeini-Sarjaz and Marie-Pierre St-Onge

School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada H9X 3V9

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: jonesp{at}macdonald.mcgill.ca

Dietary phytosterols have been shown to reduce plasma cholesterol concentrations when consumed in different food matrices, but their effectiveness in nonfat or low-fat beverages has not been established. The objective of this study was to examine whether phytosterols alter plasma lipid levels when incorporated into nonfat or low-fat beverages. Fifteen moderately hypercholesterolemic men and women consumed three precisely controlled diets for periods of 21 days each in random order. Diets contained either a nonfat placebo beverage (NF), a beverage that is nonfat with added phytosterols (NFPS), or a beverage that is low in fat with added phytosterols (LFPS). Total cholesterol concentrations were not different between groups at endpoint, decreasing (P < 0.05) equally by 8.5%, 11.6%, and 10.1% with NF, NFPS, and LFPS consumption, respectively. There was no effect of dietary treatment on LDL cholesterol concentrations, which decreased over time (P < 0.05) by 5%, 10.4%, and 8.5% with NF, NFPS, and LFPS, respectively. HDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations were unaffected by the diets. Provision of phytosterols as part of nonfat and low-fat beverages did not exert any greater hypocholesterolemic effect than a nonfat placebo beverage.

These results show that intake of phytosterols in a low-fat beverage format is not efficacious for lipid level modification.

Abbreviations: CNRU, Clinical Nutrition Research Unit; LFPS, low-fat with phytosterols; NF, nonfat placebo; NFPS, nonfat with phytosterols; TC, total cholesterol

Supplementary key words cholesterol • hypercholesterolemia • placebo • cardiovascular disease

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