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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 46, 839-862, May 2005
Copyright © 2005 by American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

A comprehensive classification system for lipids¹

Eoin Fahy^*, Shankar Subramaniam, H. Alex Brown, Christopher K. Glass^**, Alfred H. Merrill, Jr., Robert C. Murphy, Christian R. H. Raetz^***, David W. Russell, Yousuke Seyama, Walter Shaw^****, Takao Shimizu, Friedrich Spener, Gerrit van Meer^*****, Michael S. VanNieuwenhze, Stephen H. White, Joseph L. Witztum^****** and Edward A. Dennis^2,

^* San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0505
Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0412
Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6600
^** Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651
School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230
Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045-0508
^*** Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046
Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
^**** Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc., Alabaster, AL 35007
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
^***** Department of Membrane Enzymology, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4560
^****** Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0682
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0601

² To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: edennis{at}ucsd.edu

Lipids are produced, transported, and recognized by the concerted actions of numerous enzymes, binding proteins, and receptors. A comprehensive analysis of lipid molecules, "lipidomics," in the context of genomics and proteomics is crucial to understanding cellular physiology and pathology; consequently, lipid biology has become a major research target of the postgenomic revolution and systems biology. To facilitate international communication about lipids, a comprehensive classification of lipids with a common platform that is compatible with informatics requirements has been developed to deal with the massive amounts of data that will be generated by our lipid community. As an initial step in this development, we divide lipids into eight categories (fatty acyls, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, sterol lipids, prenol lipids, saccharolipids, and polyketides) containing distinct classes and subclasses of molecules, devise a common manner of representing the chemical structures of individual lipids and their derivatives, and provide a 12 digit identifier for each unique lipid molecule. The lipid classification scheme is chemically based and driven by the distinct hydrophobic and hydrophilic elements that compose the lipid.

This structured vocabulary will facilitate the systematization of lipid biology and enable the cataloging of lipids and their properties in a way that is compatible with other macromolecular databases.

Supplementary key words lipidomics • informatics • nomenclature • chemical representation • fatty acyls • glycerolipids • glycerophospholipids • sphingolipids • sterol lipids • prenol lipids • saccharolipids • polyketides

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