J. Lipid Res.
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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1194/jlr.M600419-JLR200 on October 26, 2006

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Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 48, 165-176, January 2007
Copyright © 2007 by American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Cell proliferation inhibition and alterations in retinol esterification induced by phytanic acid and docosahexaenoic acid

Xiao-Han Tang, Moo-Jin Suh, Rong Li and Lorraine J. Gudas1

Department of Pharmacology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021

Published, JLR Papers in Press, October 26, 2006.

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: ljgudas{at}med.cornell.edu

We investigated the effects of two natural dietary retinoid X receptor (RXR) ligands, phytanic acid (PA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), on proliferation and on the metabolism of retinol (vitamin A) in both cultured normal human prostate epithelial cells (PrECs) and PC-3 prostate carcinoma cells. PA and DHA inhibited the proliferation of the parental PC-3 cells and PC-3 cells engineered to overexpress human lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) in both the absence and presence of retinol. A synthetic RXR-specific ligand also inhibited PC-3 cell proliferation, whereas all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) did not. PA and DHA treatment increased the levels of retinyl esters (REs) in both PrECs and PC-3 cells and generated novel REs that eluted on reverse-phase HPLC at 54.0 and 50.5 min, respectively. Mass spectrometric analyses demonstrated that these novel REs were retinyl phytanate (54.0 min) and retinyl docosahexaenoate (50.5 min). Neither PA nor DHA increased LRAT mRNA levels in these cells. In addition, we demonstrate that retinyl phytanate was generated by LRAT in the presence of PA and retinol; however, retinyl docosahexaenoate was produced by another enzyme in the presence of DHA and retinol.

Supplementary key words mass spectrometry • postsource decay • retinoid metabolism • lecithin:retinol acyltransferase

Abbreviations: ARAT, acyl-coenzyme A:retinol acyltransferase; ATRA, all-trans retinoic acid; DGAT1, acyl-coenzyme A:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; HPRT, hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase; LDI, laser desorption ionization; LRAT, lecithin:retinol acyltransferase; MS, mass spectrometry; PA, phytanic acid; PrEC, normal human prostate epithelial cell; PSD, postsource decay; RAR, retinoic acid receptor; RE, retinyl ester; ROH, all-trans retinol; RP, retinyl palmitate; RXR, retinoid X receptor


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Copyright © 2007 by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.