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Papers In Press, published online ahead of print July 27, 2006 J. Lipid Res., doi:10.1194/jlr.D600024-JLR200
Metabolic Lab., Genetic Health Services Victoria, Melbourne, VIC 3052
Corresponding Author: james.pitt{at}ghsv.org.au
Barth Syndrome (BTHS) is an X-linked recessive disorder that results in abnormal metabolism of the mitochondrial phosholipid cardiolipin (CL). Cardiolipins are decreased and monolysocardiolipins (MLCLs), intermediates in CL metabolism, are increased in a variety of tissues. Measurement of decreased CL levels in skin fibroblasts has previously been proposed as a diagnostic test for BTHS. We investigated whether elevated MLCL is specific for BTHS and if the MLCL over CL ratio is a more sensitive and specific marker for BTHS. We measured CLs and MLCLs in skin fibroblasts from 5 BTHS patients, 8 controls and 14 patients with similar biochemical and clinical findings as BTHS (group D), using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Our results showed a clear decrease of CL in combination with a marked increase of MLCL in fibroblasts from BTHS patients when compared to controls. MLCL/CL ratios ranged from 0.03-0.12 in control fibroblasts and from 5.41-13.83 in BTHS fibroblasts. In group D, the MLCL/CL ratio range was 0.02-0.06. We therefore conclude that elevations of MLCLs are specific for BTHS and the MLCL/CL ratio in fibroblasts is a better diagnostic marker than CL alone. We also report the finding of 2 novel mutations in the TAZ gene causing BTHS.
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