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A more recent version of this article appeared on January 1, 2004

Papers In Press, published online ahead of print October 1, 2003
J. Lipid Res., doi:10.1194/jlr.M300106-JLR200
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Submitted on March 7, 2003
Revised on August 28, 2003
Accepted on September 26, 2003

Formula-feeding potentiates docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid biosynthesis in term and preterm baboon neonates

Eszter Sarkadi-Nagy, Vasuki Wijendran, Guan-Yeu Diau, Angela Chueh Chao, Andrea T. Hsieh, Anu Turpeinen, Peter Lawrence, Peter W. Nathanielsz, and J. Thomas Brenna

Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853

Corresponding Author: jtb4{at}cornell.edu

Infant formulas supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) are now available in the U.S., however little is known about the factors that affect biosynthesis. Baboon neonates were assigned to one of four treatments: term, breastfed; term, formula-fed; preterm (155 of 182 days gestation), formula-fed; preterm, formula+DHA/ARA-fed. Standard formula had no DHA/ARA; supplemented formula had 0.61%wt DHA (0.3%calories) and 1.21%wt ARA (0.6%calories), and baboon breastmilk contained 0.68±0.22%wt DHA and 0.620.12%wt ARA. At 14 days adjusted age, neonates received a combined oral dose of [U-13C]-linolenic acid (LNA) and [U-13C]-linoleic acid (LA), and tissues were analyzed 14 days post-dose. Brain accretion of LNA-derived-DHA was about 3-fold greater for the formula groups than the breastfed group, and dietary DHA partially attenuated excess DHA synthesis among preterms. A similar, significant pattern was found in other organs. Brain LA-derived-ARA accretion was significantly greater in the unsupplemented term group but not in the preterm groups compared to breastfed. [jlr] These data show that formula potentiates biosynthesis/accretion of DHA/ARA in term and preterm neonates compared to breastfed neonates, and that inclusion of DHA/ARA in preterm formula partially restores DHA/ARA biosynthesis to lower, breastfed levels. Current formula DHA concentrations are inadequate to normalize LCP synthesis to that of breastfed levels.


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