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Papers In Press, published online ahead of print August 16, 2003
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Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M DK-5230
Corresponding Author: lise.madsen{at}bmb.sdu.dk
Arachidonic acid has been shown to inhibit adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells via a prostaglandin synthesis-dependent pathway. Accordingly, inclusion of non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-inhibitors was shown to rescue adipocyte differentiation in the presence of arachidonic acid. Here we show that arachidonic acid-mediated inhibition of adipocyte differentiation requires the presence of a cAMP-elevating agent in the adipogenic cocktail during the first two days of the differentiation process. Furthermore, suppression of the activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) or protein kinase A (PKA) by the selective inhibitors U0126 and H-89, respectively, restored the ability of arachidonic acid-treated cells to undergo differentiation. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes express both COX-isoforms. We show that expression of COX-2 is transiently induced during the first hours of the differentiation program and then declines to become almost undetectable in fully differentiated adipocytes. COX-1 expression declines gradually as differentiation progresses, but expression is still detectable in mature adipocytes. Treatment with arachidonic acid led to a sustained expression of COX-1 and COX-2. Omission of a cAMP-elevating agent or addition of U0126 or H-89 prevents sustained expression of COX-2. Surprisingly, selective inhibition of either COX-1 or COX-2 rescued adipocyte differentiation in the presence of arachidonic acid as effectively as the non-selective COX-inhibitor indomethacin. When cells were induced to differentiate in the presence of arachidonic acid de novo fatty acid synthesis, diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) activity and triacylglycerol accumulation were inhibited. Indomethacin restored DGAT activity and triacylglycerol accumulation without restoring de novo fatty acid synthesis, and under these conditions enhanced incorporation of arachidonic acid into cellular triacylglycerols was observed.
Revised on August 13, 2003
Accepted on August 14, 2003
Arachidonic acid-dependent inhibition of adipocyte differentiation requires PKA activity and is associated with sustained expression of cyclooxygenases
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