J. Lipid Res.
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A more recent version of this article appeared on January 1, 2004

Papers In Press, published online ahead of print September 16, 2003
J. Lipid Res., doi:10.1194/jlr.M300329-JLR200
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Submitted on July 25, 2003
Revised on September 8, 2003
Accepted on September 8, 2003

Osmotic shock stimulates de novo synthesis of archaeal cardiolipin and novel phospholipid dimer in an archaeon isolated from the salterns of Margherita di Savoia (Italy)

Patrizia Lopalco, Simona Lobasso, Francesco Babudri, and Angela Corcelli

Dipartimento di Fisiologia Generale ed Ambientale, Università di Bari, Bari 70126

Corresponding Author: a.corcelli{at}biologia.uniba.it

The present report illustrates the response to osmotic stress of an extreme halophilic archaeon Halorubrum sp. isolated from the saltern ponds of Margherita di Savoia in south Italy. When this extreme halophilic microorganism is exposed to hypotonic stress, relevant changes in the cell membrane lipid composition occur: archaeal cardiolipin content markedly increases, while phosphatidylglycerol decreases. Membranes isolated from this archaeon after cell disruption by osmotic shock are highly enriched in archaeal cardiolipin and reveal the presence of a novel phospholipid. ESI-MS and NMR analyses revealed that this novel lipid has the structure of a sulfo-diglyco-diether-phosphatidic acid, i.e. a phospholipid dimer. As NMR analyses showed that the sugars in the novel phospholipid dimer are the same and in the same order of a sulfated diglycosyl diphytanylglycerol diether (S-DGD-5) present as major lipid component in the archaeon membranes, the novel phospholipid dimer was named S-DGD-5-PA. While S-DGD-5-PA formation can only be observed after cell disruption by osmotic shock, the archaeal cardiolipin increase can also be observed in intact swelling cells. No changes in the cellular lipid composition were found after cell disruption by French press; membranes collected after cell disruption by French press did not show an enrichment of archaeal cardiolipin or S-DGD-5-PA. We conclude that osmotic shock induces a specific increase in the content of archaeal cardiolipin and S-DGD-5-PA and suggest that PG and S-DGD-5 are the intermediates for the de novo synthesis of archaeal cardiolipin and S-DGD-5-PA, respectively.


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