Apolipoprotein A-I, A-II and VLDL-B-100 metabolism in men: Comparison of a low fat high carbohydrate diet and a high fat high monounsaturated fatty acid diet

Sophie Desroches, Marie Eve Paradis, Mélanie Pérusse, W. Roodly Archer, Jean Bergeron, Patrick Couture, Nathalie Bergeron, and Benoît Lamarche

Institute on Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Laval University, Ste-Foy, Quebec G1K 7P4

Corresponding Author: benoit.lamarche{at}inaf.ulaval.ca

Objective: To compare the effects of a low fat/high carbohydrate (CHO) diet and a high monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) diet on apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, A-II and VLDL-B-100 metabolism in conditions of unrestricted (ad libitum) energy intake in men. Methods and results: Sixty-five men were randomly assigned to either the low fat/high CHO diet (58% CHO, 26% fat, 16% protein) or the high MUFA diet (45% CHO, 40% fat of which more than 50% were derived from MUFA, 15% protein). A subsample of 18 men participated in the kinetic study. Before and after the 6/7-week dietary intervention, kinetic subjects received a primed-constant infusion of [5,5,5-²H₃]-L-leucine for 12 hours under feeding conditions. Tracer/tracee ratios at various time points were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer and apolipoprotein kinetics were derived from multicompartmental modeling with the SAAMII program. Diet-induced changes in HDL composition and subfractions were similar between the two dietary groups, with the exception of plasma HDL-C and HDL₃-C concentrations, which were reduced to a greater extent in the low fat/high CHO group compared to the high MUFA group (P<0.05 for both). ApoA-I production rate (PR, -31.5%, P<0.001) and fractional catabolic rate (FCR, -24.3%, P<0.05) were significantly decreased after the low-fat/high CHO diet. These changes in apoA-I PR and FCR with the low fat/high CHO diet were also significantly different from those observed with the high MUFA diet (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). ApoA-II FCR was significantly increased in the high MUFA group only. Plasma triglyceride and VLDLapoB-100 concentrations were significantly reduced in the high MUFA group (P<0.0001 and P<0.01, respectively). However, no significant within or between diet difference was found in VLDLapoB-100 PR or FCR. Conclusions: These results emphasize the differential impact of the low fat/high CHO diet and high MUFA diet on HDL metabolism.

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