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J. Lipid Res.
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A more recent version of this article appeared on September 1, 2005

Papers In Press, published online ahead of print May 16, 2005
J. Lipid Res., doi:10.1194/jlr.M400504-JLR200
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Submitted on December 20, 2004
Revised on April 20, 2005
Accepted on May 10, 2005

Plasma appearance of labeled beta -carotene, lutein and retinol in humans after consumption of isotopically-labeled kale

Janet A. Novotny, Anne C. Kurilich, Steven J. Britz, and Beverly A. Clevidence

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705

Corresponding Author: novotnyj{at}ba.ars.usda.gov

The bioavailability of carotenoids from kale was investigated by labeling nutrients in kale with carbon-13, feeding the kale to 7 adult volunteers, and analyzing serial plasma samples for labeled lutein, beta -carotene, and retinol. Ingested doses of labeled carotenoids were 34 mu mol for beta -carotene and 33 mu mol for lutein. Peak plasma concentrations, areas under the plasma concentration-time curves (AUCs), and percents of dose recovered at peak plasma concentrations were calculated. Average peak plasma concentrations were 0.38, 0.068, and 0.079 mu molar for 13C-lutein, 13C-beta -carotene, and 13C-retinol, respectively. Average AUC values (over 28 days) were 42.8, 13.6, 13.2 mu molar hr for 13C-lutein, 13C-beta -carotene, and 13C-retinol, respectively. Percents of dose recovered at peak plasma concentrations were 3.6%, 0.7%, and 0.7% for 13C-lutein, 13C-beta -carotene, and 13C-retinol, respectively. A positive relationship was observed between baseline plasma retinol levels and 13C-retinol plasma response, and it is possible that this relationship was mediated either through beta -carotene absorption or through a key mechanism involved in determining plasma retinol level. In light of the suggested relationship between fasting plasma retinol and 13C-retinol plasma response (as well as possibly beta -carotene plasma response), further investigation of the kinetics of labeled retinoids may help to elucidate mechanisms involved in vitamin A homeostasis.


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