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Papers In Press, published online ahead of print August 16, 2005
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Physiology Dept., University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40502
Corresponding Author: mnikolo{at}uky.edu
IL-1
Accepted on August 14, 2005
Ceramide- and extracellularly regulated kinase (ERK)- dependent pathway in interleukin 1
-induced activation of CCAAT-enhancer binding protein in hepatocytes
is a major inducer of liver acute phase proteins (APP) expression in response to infection. Several transcription factors including C/EBP, are known mediators in this process, although the mechanisms by which they modulate IL-1
s action are not completely understood. Activation of Sphingomyelinase and the subsequent generation of ceramide are early steps in the IL-1
signaling cascade. In this study, we investigate the role of ceramide in the IL-1
regulation of C/EBP in primary hepatocytes. The C/EBP DNA binding activity was found to increase in a dose-dependent manner following stimulation with IL-1
and exogenous addition of C2-ceramide or treatment with Sphingomyelinase (SMase). These changes were accompanied by an elevation in nuclear content of C/EBP
. Both, IL-1
and ceramide lead to ERK1/2 activation as early as 15 minutes following treatment. Furthermore, elevation of cellular ceramide content resulted in increased phosphorylation of C/EBP
at Ser 105 at later time points. Concurrently, the cytosolic levels of C/EBP
dropped, suggesting that IL-1
and ceramide induced nuclear translocation of C/EBP
. Ceramide-induced C/EBP
phosphorylation, translocation and DNA binding were suppressed by the addition of PD98059, an inhibitor of the ERK1/2 phosphorylation. These results suggest that ceramide and ERK mediate a pathway in the IL-1
signaling cascade, which results in rapid post-translational activation of C/EBP
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