Altered lipoprotein subclass distribution and platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase activity in subjects with generalized aggressive periodontitis

Miguel L. Rufail, Harvey A. Schenkein, Suzanne E. Barbour, John G. Tew, and Rik van Antwerpen

Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298

Corresponding Author: hgvanant{at}hsc.vcu.edu

In the present study, we examined whether the documented increase of plasma triglycerides in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) is associated with changes in lipoprotein subclass distribution and/or LDL-associated platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAFAH) activity. Lipoprotein subclasses were analyzed in whole plasma samples using nuclear magnetic resonance methods. Compared to subjects without periodontitis (NP-subjects; n=12), GAgP-subjects (n=12) had higher plasma levels of large, medium, and small VLDL (35.0 ± 6.7 vs. 63.1 ± 9.6 nmol/L; P=0.025), higher levels of IDL (24.8 ± 11.6 vs. 87.2 ± 16.6 nmol/L; P=0.006), lower levels of large LDL (448.3 ± 48.5 vs. 315.8 ± 59.4 nmol/L; P=0.098), and higher levels of small LDL (488.2 ± 104.2 vs. 946.7 ± 151.6 nmol/L; P=0.021). The average size of LDL from NP- and GAgP-subjects was 21.4 ± 0.2 nm and 20.6 ± 0.3 nm, respectively (P=0.031). Compared to NP-subjects, GAgP-subjects had a higher number of circulating LDL particles (961.3 ± 105.3 vs. 1349.0 ± 133.2 nmol/L; P=0.032). Differences in the plasma levels of large, medium, and small HDL were not statistically significant. NP- and GAgP-subjects had similar plasma levels of total LDL-associated PAFAH activity, however, LDL of GAgP-subjects contained less PAFAH activity per microgram LDL protein (1458.0 ± 171.0 and 865.2 ± 134 pmol/min/microgram; P=0.014). The present results indicate that, in general, GAgP-subjects have a more atherogenic lipoprotein profile and lower LDL-associated PAFAH activity than NP-subjects. These differences may help explain the increased risk of GAgP-subjects for cardiovascular disease.

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