Effect of industrially produced trans fat on markers of systemic inflammation: evidence from a randomized trial in women[S]
- Nathalie T. Bendsen1,*,
- Steen Stender†,
- Pal B. Szecsi†,
- Steen B. Pedersen§,
- Samar Basu**,
- Lars I. Hellgren††,
- John W. Newman§§,
- Thomas M. Larsen*,
- Steen B. Haugaard*** and
- Arne Astrup*
- *Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- †Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Gentofte University Hospital, Denmark
- §Medical Department, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- **Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden and Laboratorie de Biochimie, Biologie Moléculaire et Nutrition, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université d'Clermont, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- ††Center for Biological Sequence Analysis and Center for Advanced Food Studies, Department of System Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- §§United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA
- ***Clinical Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark and Department of Internal Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager, Copenhagen, Denmark
Abstract
Consumption of industrially produced trans fatty acids (IP-TFA) has been positively associated with systemic markers of low-grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in cross-sectional studies, but results from intervention studies are inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted a 16 week double-blind parallel intervention study with the objective to examine the effect of IP-TFA intake on biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. Fifty-two healthy overweight postmenopausal women (49 completers) were randomly assigned to receive either partially hydrogenated soybean oil (15.7 g/day IP-TFA) or control oil without IP-TFA. After 16 weeks, IP-TFA intake increased baseline-adjusted serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α by 12% [95% confidence interval (CI): 5–20; P = 0.002] more in the IP-TFA group compared with controls. Plasma soluble TNF receptors 1 and 2 were also increased by IP-TFA [155 pg/ml (CI: 63–247); P < 0.001 and 480 pg/ml (CI: 72–887); P = 0.02, respectively]. Serum C-reactive protein, interleukin (IL) 6 and adiponectin and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue mRNA expression of IL6, IL8, TNFα, and adiponectin as well as ceramide content were not affected by IP-TFA, nor was urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin-F2α. In conclusion, this dietary trial indicates that the mechanisms linking dietary IP-TFA to cardiovascular disease may involve activation of the TNFα system.
Footnotes
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↵1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: nathalie{at}life.ku.dk
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- Abbreviations:
- ANCOVA
- analysis of covariance
- AT
- adipose tissue
- BMI
- body mass index
- CI
- confidence interval
- CLA
- conjugated linoleic acid
- CRP
- C-reactive protein
- CTR
- control
- CV
- coefficient of variation
- CVD
- cardiovascular disease
- DL
- detection limit
- E%
- percent of energy
- IL
- interleukin
- IP-TFA
- industrially produced trans fatty acid
- 8-iso-PGF2α
- 8-iso-prostaglandin-F2α
- LCB
- long-chained base
- ns
- nonsignificant
- sE-selectin
- soluble E-selectin
- sICAM-1
- soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1
- sTNF-R
- soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor
- sVCAM
- soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule
- TFA
- trans fatty acid
- TNF
- tumor necrosis factor
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This work was carried out as a part of the research program of the Danish Obesity Research Centre (DanORC, see www.danorc.dk). DanORC is supported by the Danish Council for Strategic Research (Grant 2101-06-0005). The study was also supported by the Danish Council for Independent Research|Medical Sciences (Grant 271-08-0715), the Danish Diabetes Association, and intramural USDA-ARS CRIS 5306-51530-019-00D. The test fats were kindly provided by AarhusKarlsham, Denmark.
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↵[S] The online version of this article (available at http://www.jlr.org) contains supplementary data in the form of one figure and one table.
- Received February 17, 2011.
- Revision received July 27, 2011.
