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COVER: The complementary roles that the nuclear receptors FXR and PXR play in the regulation of bile acid homeostasis. FXR is the body's primary bile acid sensor and turns off bile acid synthesis and stimulates bile acid transport and excretion. PXR represents a second line of defense that is activated by high concentrations of toxic bile acids. In addition to suppressing bile acid synthesis and stimulating bile acid transport, PXR promotes the excretion of excess bile acids in the urine. (See Kliewer and Willson, p. 359.)
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