DeMar, J. C., Jr., C. DiMartino, W. Lefkowitz, and N. Salem, Jr. 2007. Effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on the in vivo net biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid from alpha-linolenic acid in rat tissues. (Abstract in the Experimental Biology/American Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology meeting. Washington D.C., April 28–May 2, 2007).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Materials
Animals
Sampling of various animal tissues
Gross dissection of animals for percent body composition analysis
Homogenization of tissues
Fatty acid compositional analysis
Calculations and statistics
28 Day-old | |||
---|---|---|---|
Fatty Acid | 8 Day Dam-reared | d5-LNA Diet | d5-LNA + DHA Diet |
mg/whole-body plasma | |||
Saturates | |||
10:0 | 0.006 ± 0.006 | ND | ND |
12:0 | 0.08 ± 0.09 | 0.06 ± 0.02 | 0.07 ± 0.03 |
14:0 | 0.13 ± 0.11 | 0.10 ± 0.03 | 0.13 ± 0.05 |
16:0 | 0.59 ± 0.28 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 2.0 ± 0.8 |
18:0 | 0.33 ± 0.06 | 2.6 ± 0.7 | 2.7 ± 1.0 |
20:0 | 0.004 ± 0.001 | 0.01 ± 0.004 | 0.01 ± 0.01 |
22:0 | 0.004 ± 0.001 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 |
24:0 | 0.01 ± 0.001 | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.03 ± 0.01 |
Total saturates | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 4.2 ± 1.1 | 4.9 ± 1.8 |
Monounsaturates | |||
16:ln-7 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.05 ± 0.07 | 0.18 ± 0.06 |
18:ln-7 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.09 ± 0.07 | 0.07 ± 0.03 |
18:ln-9 | 0.21 ± 0.07 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 2.4 ± 1.0 |
20:ln-9 | 0.004 ± 0.001 | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.05 ± 0.02 |
22:ln-9 | 0.001 ± 0.0003 | 0.008 ± 0.002 | 0.005 ± 0.006 |
24:ln-9 | 0.005 ± 0.004 | 0.21 ± 0.10 | 0.27 ± 0.25 |
Total monounsaturates | 0.28 ± 0.09 | 2.2 ± 0.5 | 2.9 ± 1.3 |
n-6 PUFA | |||
18:2n-6 | 0.38 ± 0.08 | 0.96 ± 0.20 | 2.1 ± 0.9 |
18:3n-6 | 0.006 ± 0.002 | 0.02 ± 0.005 | 0.03 ± 0.01 |
20:2n-6 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.04 ± 0.01 |
20:3n-6 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.07 ± 0.03 | 0.20 ± 0.09 |
20:4n-6 | 0.37 ± 0.06 | 3.1 ± 0.9 | 4.2 ± 1.3 |
22:2n-6 | 0.02 ± 0.005 | 0.007 ± 0.006 | ND |
22:4n-6 | 0.01 ± 0.003 | 0.07 ± 0.04 | 0.03 ± 0.01 |
22:5n-6 | 0.02 ± 0.003 | 0.59 ± 0.17 | 0.03 ± 0.01 |
Total n-6 PUFA | 0.85 ± 0.12 | 4.9 ± 1.3 | 6.6 ± 2.3 |
n-3 PUFA | |||
d5-18:3n-3 | − | 0.02 ± 0.004 | 0.03 ± 0.01 |
18:3n-3 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | ND | ND |
d5-20:5n-3 | – | 0.01 ± 0.003 | 0.04 ± 0.02 |
20:5n-3 | 0.02 ± 0.002 | ND | 0.16 ± 0.07 |
d5-22:5n-3 | – | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 |
22:5n-3 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.005 ± 0.003 | 0.06 ± 0.02 |
d5-22:6n-3 | – | 0.69 ± 0.15 | 0.24 ± 0.09 |
22:6n-3 | 0.11 ± 0.02 | 0.10 ± 0.03 | 2.1 ± 0.9 |
Total n-3 PUFA | 0.16 ± 0.02 | 0.85 ± 0.19 | 2.6 ± 1.1 |
Total fatty acids | 2.5 ± 0.7 | 12.1 ± 3.0 | 17.1 ± 6.5 |
28 Day-old | |||
---|---|---|---|
Fatty Acid | 8 Day Dam-reared | d5-LNA Diet | d5-LNA + DHA Diet |
mg/total liver | |||
Saturates | |||
10:0 | 0.3 ± 0.5 | 0.08 ± 0.09 | 0.01 ± 0.03 |
12:0 | 1.3 ± 1.3 | 0.40 ± 0.29 | 0.14 ± 0.04 |
14:0 | 1.7 ± 1.5 | 1.7 ± 1.1 | 0.7 ± 0.3 |
16:0 | 7.2 ± 4.0 | 23 ± 8 | 20 ± 2 |
18:0 | 2.7 ± 1.0 | 28 ± 5 | 28 ± 2 |
20:0 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.02 | 0.08 ± 0.01 |
22:0 | 0.02 ± 0.004 | 0.13 ± 0.02 | 0.14 ± 0.01 |
24:0 | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.41 ± 0.09 | 0.33 ± 0.04 |
Total saturates | 13 ± 8 | 53 ± 14 | 49 ± 3 |
Monounsaturates | |||
16:ln-7 | 0.31 ± 0.25 | 0.55 ± 0.50 | 0.22 ± 0.06 |
18:ln-7 | 0.65 ± 0.38 | 1.4 ± 1.0 | 0.61 ± 0.13 |
18:ln-9 | 3.9 ± 2.4 | 40 ± 26 | 18 ± 7 |
20:ln-9 | 0.07 ± 0.03 | 0.65 ± 0.26 | 0.51 ± 0.16 |
22:ln-9 | 0.01 ± 0.004 | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.05 ± 0.005 |
24:ln-9 | 0.04 ± 0.007 | 0.55 ± 0.08 | 0.68 ± 0.06 |
Total monounsaturates | 5.0 ± 3.1 | 43 ± 28 | 20 ± 8 |
n-6 PUFA | |||
18:2n-6 | 3.8 ± 2.0 | 8.5 ± 3.3 | 7.6 ± 1.8 |
18:3n-6 | 0.08 ± 0.05 | 0.26 ± 0.14 | 0.09 ± 0.02 |
20:2n-6 | |||
20:3n-6 | 0.36 ± 0.15 | 0.64 ± 0.20 | 1.2 ± 0.2 |
20:4n-6 | 3.5 ± 1.1 | 26 ± 5 | 20 ± 2 |
22:2n-6 | |||
22:4n-6 | 0.67 ± 0.23 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.21 ± 0.05 |
22:5n-6 | 0.40 ± 0.14 | 6.7 ± 0.8 | 0.19 ± 0.03 |
Total n-6 PUFA | 8.8 ± 3.5 | 43 ± 9 | 30 ± 1 |
n-3 PUFA | |||
d5-18:3n-3 | – | 0.17 ± 0.08 | 0.16 ± 0.07 |
18:3n-3 | 0.21 ± 0.17 | ND | ND |
d5-20:5n-3 | – | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.17 ± 0.04 |
20:5n-3 | 0.27 ± 0.14 | 0.01 ± 0.007 | 0.71 ± 0.22 |
d5-22:5n-3 | – | 0.47 ± 0.09 | 0.15 ± 0.04 |
22:5n-3 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.53 ± 0.12 |
d5-22:6n-3 | – | 9.9 ± 1.6 | 2.5 ± 0.2 |
22:6n-3 | 3.6 ± 1.0 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 22 ± 2 |
Total n-3 PUFA | 5.2 ± 1.7 | 12 ± 2 | 26 ± 2 |
Total fatty acids | 32 ± 16 | 145 ± 51 | 124 ± 11 |
28 Day-old | ||
---|---|---|
Tissues | d5-LNA Diet | d5-LNA + DHA Diet |
% mg/total body d5-DHA | ||
Plasma | 2.1 ± 0.4 | 1.7 ± 0.6 |
Brain | 7.5 ± 1.2 | 4.4 ± 0.4 |
Retina | 0.15 ± 0.03 | 0.07 ± 0.01 |
Heart | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.2 |
Lung | 0.45 ± 0.06 | 0.44 ± 0.05 |
Spleen | 0.15 ± 0.03 | 0.13 ± 0.02 |
Digestive tract | 5.6 ± 0.3 | 4.3 ± 0.2 |
Liver | 30 ± 3 | 17 ± 1 |
Kidney | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 0.66 ± 0.11 |
Testes | 0.35 ± 0.06 | 0.24 ± 0.03 |
Skin | 5.0 ± 0.4 | 6.6 ± 0.8 |
Brown adipose | 3.8 ± 0.9 | 8.2 ± 1.0 |
White adipose | 6.7 ± 1.3 | 20 ± 2 |
Visceral adipose | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 2.9 ± 0.4 |
Skeletal muscle | 32 ± 2 | 30 ± 4 |
Bones | 2.7 ± 0.3 | 2.4 ± 1.0 |
Total-body d5-DHA, mg | 33 ± 5 | 14 ± 2 |
28 Day-old | |||
---|---|---|---|
Tissues | 8 Day Dam-reared | d5-LNA Diet | d5-LNA + DHA Diet |
mg/total tissue | |||
Plasma | 0.11 ± 0.02 | 0.10 ± 0.03 | 2.1 ± 0.9 |
Brain | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 3.1 ± 0.4 | 6.3 ± 0.3 |
Retina | 0.022 ± 0.004 | 0.053 ± 0.005 | 0.091 ± 0.003 |
Heart | 0.16 ± 0.03 | 0.12 ± 0.02 | 1.5 ± 0.2 |
Lung | 0.27 ± 0.03 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.70 ± 0.08 |
Spleen | 0.020 ± 0.007 | 0.010 ± 0.003 | 0.20 ± 0.05 |
Digestive tract | 0.60 ± 0.13 | 0.34 ± 0.06 | 7.6 ± 0.8 |
Liver | 3.6 ± 1.0 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 22 ± 2 |
Kidney | 0.13 ± 0.03 | 0.07 ± 0.01 | 1.0 ± 0.2 |
Testes | 0.009 ± 0.002 | 0.024 ± 0.01 | 0.29 ± 0.04 |
Skin | 2.4 ± 0.5 | 0.50 ± 0.10 | 12 ± 3 |
Brown adipose | 0.89 ± 0.19 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 15 ± 1 |
White adipose | 3.4 ± 1.3 | 0.86 ± 0.28 | 34 ± 7 |
Visceral adipose | 0.19 ± 0.03 | 0.11 ± 0.02 | 4.5 ± 1.1 |
Skeletal muscle | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 4.3 ± 0.6 | 46 ± 9 |
Bones | 0.40 ± 0.08 | 0.21 ± 0.04 | 3.8 ± 1.1 |
Total body unlabeled DHA, mg | 15 ± 4 | 13 ± 2 | 156 ± 26 |
RESULTS
Percent body composition analysis
Body and organ/tissue weights
Fatty acid compositional analyses
28 Day-old | |||
---|---|---|---|
Fatty Acid | 8 Day Dam-reared | d5-LNA Diet | d5-LNA + DHA Diet |
mg/whole heart | |||
Saturates | |||
10:0 | 0.001 ± 0.001 | 0.003 ± 0.003 | 0.006 ± 0.005 |
12:0 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.07 ± 0.05 | 0.05 ± 0.03 |
14:0 | 0.03 ± 0.02 | 0.08 ± 0.04 | 0.06 ± 0.02 |
16:0 | 0.30 ± 0.07 | 0.80 ± 0.10 | 0.75 ± 0.034 |
18:0 | 0.41 ± 0.06 | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.1 |
20:0 | 0.008 ± 0.001 | 0.03 ± 0.004 | 0.03 ± 0.002 |
22:0 | 0.005 ± 0.001 | 0.02 ± 0.003 | 0.02 ± 0.002 |
24:0 | 0.007 ± 0.001 | 0.02 ± 0.003 | 0.02 ± 0.005 |
Total saturates | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 2.8 ± 0.3 | 2.6 ± 0.2 |
Monounsaturates | |||
16:ln-7 | 0.007 ± 0.002 | 0.01 ± 0.005 | 0.01 ± 0.002 |
18:ln-7 | 0.07 ± 0.01 | 0.15 ± 0.03 | 0.11 ± 0.01 |
18:ln-9 | 0.12 ± 0.03 | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.3 |
20:ln-9 | 0.004 ± 0.001 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.003 |
22:ln-9 | 0.002 ± 0.0004 | 0.008 ± 0.001 | 0.007 ± 0.0005 |
24:ln-9 | 0.007 ± 0.001 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.05 ± 0.01 |
Total monounsaturates | 0.21 ± 0.05 | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 1.3 ± 0.3 |
n-6 PUFA | |||
18:2n-6 | 0.11 ± 0.04 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.87 ± 0.10 |
18:3n-6 | 0.001 ± 0.0001 | 0.006 ± 0.001 | 0.005 ± 0.002 |
20:2n-6 | 0.01 ± 0.002 | 0.04 ± 0.004 | 0.04 ± 0.002 |
20:3n-6 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.07 ± 0.004 |
20:4n-6 | 0.48 ± 0.07 | 1.6 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.04 |
22:2n-6 | 0.001 ± 0.0003 | 0.003 ± 0.001 | 0.004 ± 0.002 |
22:4n-6 | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.13 ± 0.02 | 0.04 ± 0.004 |
22:5n-6 | 0.02 ± 0.004 | 0.54 ± 0.04 | 0.04 ± 0.002 |
Total n-6 PUFA | 0.70 ± 0.12 | 3.4 ± 0.3 | 2.1 ± 0.1 |
n-3 PUFA | |||
d5-18:3n-3 | – | 0.01 ± 0.005 | 0.01 ± 0.003 |
18:3n-3 | 0.002 ± 0.001 | 0.001 ± 0.0005 | 0.001 ± 0.001 |
d5-20:5n-3 | – | 0.004 ± 0.001 | 0.005 ± 0.001 |
20:5n-3 | 0.005 ± 0.002 | 0.001 ± 0.0007 | 0.01 ± 0.002 |
d5-22:5n-3 | – | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.001 |
22:5n-3 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.005 | 0.04 ± 0.01 |
d5-22:6n-3 | – | 0.38 ± 0.02 | 0.15 ± 0.02 |
22:6n-3 | 0.16 ± 0.03 | 0.12 ± 0.02 | 1.5 ± 0.2 |
Total n-3 PUFA | 0.23 ± 0.04 | 0.61 ± 0.04 | 1.8 ± 0.2 |
Total fatty acids | 1.9 ± 0.4 | 8.4 ± 1.0 | 7.8 ± 0.6 |
28 Day-old | |||
---|---|---|---|
Fatty Acid | 8 Day Dam-reared | d5-LNA Diet | d5-LNA + DHA Diet |
mg/both whole lungs | |||
Saturates | |||
10:0 | 0.004 ± 0.002 | 0.03 ± 0.02 | 0.02 ± 0.01 |
12:0 | 0.06 ± 0.02 | 0.28 ± 0.12 | 0.20 ± 0.14 |
14:0 | 0.22 ± 0.06 | 0.42 ± 0.09 | 0.33 ± 0.13 |
16:0 | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 2.8 ± 0.4 | 2.5 ± 0.5 |
18:0 | 0.69 ± 0.08 | 1.6 ± 0.2 | 1.5 ± 0.1 |
20:0 | 0.02 ± 0.002 | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.05 ± 0.01 |
22:0 | 0.02 ± 0.004 | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.06 ± 0.01 |
24:0 | 0.03 ± 0.006 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | 0.10 ± 0.02 |
Total saturates | 2.5 ± 0.4 | 5.3 ± 0.8 | 4.7 ± 0.7 |
Monounsaturates | |||
16:ln-7 | 0.06 ± 0.02 | 0.06 ± 0.02 | 0.07 ± 0.04 |
18:ln-7 | 0.14 ± 0.02 | 0.08 ± 0.02 | 0.07 ± 0.01 |
18:ln-9 | 0.79 ± 0.08 | 6.2 ± 1.6 | 4.9 ± 1.3 |
20:ln-9 | 0.02 ± 0.001 | 0.13 ± 0.02 | 0.13 ± 0.01 |
22:ln-9 | 0.007 ± 0.001 | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.06 ± 0.01 |
24:ln-9 | 0.03 ± 0.004 | 0.24 ± 0.03 | 0.28 ± 0.04 |
Total monounsaturates | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 6.8 ± 1.6 | 5.5 ± 1.3 |
n-6 PUFA | |||
18:2n-6 | 0.41 ± 0.06 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 |
18:3n-6 | 0.008 ± 0.001 | 0.01 ± 0.003 | 0.01 ± 0.001 |
20:2n-6 | 0.04 ± 0.004 | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.05 ± 0.004 |
20:3n-6 | 0.07 ± 0.03 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | 0.10 ± 0.02 |
20:4n-6 | 0.64 ± 0.08 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 |
22:2n-6 | 0.009 ± 0.006 | 0.007 ± 0.001 | 0.009 ± 0.002 |
22:4n-6 | 0.18 ± 0.01 | 0.25 ± 0.03 | 0.13 ± 0.02 |
22:5n-6 | 0.05 ± 0.006 | 0.26 ± 0.03 | 0.03 ± 0.01 |
Total n-6 PUFA | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 3.1 ± 0.5 | 2.4 ± 0.2 |
n-3 PUFA | |||
d5-18:3n-3 | – | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.04 ± 0.02 |
18:3n-3 | 0.02 ± 0.004 | 0.007 ± 0.003 | 0.004 ± 0.002 |
d5-20:5n-3 | – | 0.009 ± 0.001 | 0.01 ± 0.003 |
20:5n-3 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.002 ± 0.001 | 0.04 ± 0.01 |
d5-22:5n-3 | – | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.03 ± 0.004 |
22:5n-3 | 0.14 ± 0.02 | 0.01 ± 0.002 | 0.05 ± 0.01 |
d5-22:6n-3 | – | 0.15 ± 0.02 | 0.06 ± 0.01 |
22:6n-3 | 0.27 ± 0.03 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.70 ± 0.08 |
Total n-3 PUFA | 0.46 ± 0.06 | 0.31 ± 0.04 | 0.94 ± 0.10 |
Total fatty acids | 5.4 ± 0.6 | 15.5 ± 2.9 | 13.5 ± 2.1 |
28 Day-old | |||
---|---|---|---|
Fatty Acid | 8 Day Dam-reared | d5-LNA Diet | d5-LNA + DHA Diet |
mg/both whole kidneys | |||
Saturates | |||
10:0 | 0.001 ± 0.0005 | 0.003 ± 0.003 | 0.001 ± 0.001 |
12:0 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.04 ± 0.03 | 0.04 ± 0.01 |
14:0 | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.14 ± 0.03 | 0.13 ± 0.02 |
16:0 | 0.50 ± 0.11 | 2.4 ± 0.3 | 2.6 ± 0.4 |
18:0 | 0.40 ± 0.08 | 2.9 ± 0.2 | 3.0 ± 0.4 |
20:0 | 0.01 ± 0.002 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.07 ± 0.01 |
22:0 | 0.02 ± 0.004 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.01 |
24:0 | 0.02 ± 0.004 | 0.29 ± 0.03 | 0.33 ± 0.06 |
Total saturates | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 5.9 ± 0.6 | 6.3 ± 0.8 |
Monounsaturates | |||
16:ln-7 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.03 ± 0.01 |
18:ln-7 | 0.08 ± 0.02 | 0.16 ± 0.04 | 0.14 ± 0.03 |
18:ln-9 | 0.24 ± 0.05 | 2.8 ± 0.4 | 3.0 ± 0.3 |
20:ln-9 | 0.005 ± 0.002 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.10 ± 0.01 |
22:ln-9 | 0.001 ± 0.0002 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.02 ± 0.003 |
24:ln-9 | 0.02 ± 0.005 | 0.43 ± 0.04 | 0.48 ± 0.07 |
Total monounsaturates | 0.37 ± 0.07 | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 3.8 ± 0.4 |
n-6 PUFA | |||
18:2n-6 | 0.19 ± 0.04 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 2.1 ± 0.3 |
18:3n-6 | 0.001 ± 0.0003 | 0.008 ± 0.001 | 0.01 ± 0.001 |
20:2n-6 | 0.009 ± 0.001 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.09 ± 0.010 |
20:3n-6 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.19 ± 0.04 | 0.25 ± 0.05 |
20:4n-6 | 0.58 ± 0.12 | 4.2 ± 0.5 | 3.4 ± 0.4 |
22:2n-6 | 0.0006 ± 0.0001 | 0.011 ± 0.003 | 0.009 ± 0.002 |
22:4n-6 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.12 ± 0.03 | 0.06 ± 0.01 |
22:5n-6 | 0.01 ± 0.003 | 0.26 ± 0.04 | 0.02 ± 0.01 |
Total n-6 PUFA | 0.87 ± 0.18 | 6.3 ± 0.6 | 5.9 ± 0.7 |
n-3 PUFA | |||
d5-18:3n-3 | – | 0.02 ± 0.005 | 0.03 ± 0.00 |
18:3n-3 | 0.003 ± 0.001 | 0.001 ± 0.001 | 0.001 ± 0.001 |
d5-20:5n-3 | – | 0.02 ± 0.002 | 0.05 ± 0.011 |
20:5n-3 | 0.01 ± 0.005 | 0.003 ± 0.001 | 0.27 ± 0.07 |
d5-22:5n-3 | – | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.003 |
22:5n-3 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.01 ± 0.001 | 0.05 ± 0.01 |
d5-22:6n-3 | – | 0.38 ± 0.05 | 0.10 ± 0.02 |
22:6n-3 | 0.13 ± 0.03 | 0.07 ± 0.01 | 1.0 ± 0.2 |
Total n-3 PUFA | 0.18 ± 0.05 | 0.54 ± 0.06 | 1.5 ± 0.3 |
Total fatty acids | 2.4 ± 0.5 | 16.3 ± 1.6 | 17.5 ± 2.2 |
28 Day-old | |||
---|---|---|---|
Fatty Acid | 8 Day Dam-reared | d5-LNA Diet | d5-LNA + DHA Diet |
μg/both whole testes | |||
Saturates | |||
10:0 | 0.49 ± 0.15 | 16 ± 27 | 1.3 ± 1.3 |
12:0 | 0.16 ± 0.04 | 129 ± 240 | 18 ± 11 |
14:0 | 1.9 ± 0.5 | 124 ± 176 | 59 ± 20 |
16:0 | 48 ± 11 | 1,626 ± 513 | 1,414 ± 181 |
18:0 | 34 ± 6 | 657 ± 231 | 547 ± 93 |
20:0 | 0.06 ± 0.03 | 14 ± 4 | 14 ± 2 |
22:0 | 0.90 ± 0.17 | 10 ± 2 | 11 ± 1 |
24:0 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 9.5 ± 2.4 | 9.3 ± 1.0 |
Total saturates | 86 ± 17 | 2,586 ± 1155 | 2,073 ± 296 |
Monounsaturates | |||
16:ln-7 | 3.1 ± 0.7 | 27 ± 26 | 18 ± 5 |
18:ln-7 | 5.4 ± 1.0 | 79 ± 12 | 85 ± 14 |
18:ln-9 | 32 ± 6 | 2,326 ± 2,763 | 1,055 ± 267 |
20:ln-9 | 0.44 ± 0.09 | 22 ± 13 | 16 ± 3 |
22:ln-9 | 0.24 ± 0.01 | 3.6 ± 2.0 | 3.0 ± 1.3 |
24:ln-9 | 1.5 ± 0.2 | 19 ± 7 | 21 ± 4 |
Total monounsaturates | 43 ± 8 | 2,477 ± 2,812 | 1,198 ± 291 |
n-6 PUFA | |||
18:2n-6 | 9.8 ± 2.4 | 469 ± 526 | 280 ± 70 |
18:3n-6 | 0.12 ± 0.01 | 4.5 ± 3.4 | 3.0 ± 0.8 |
20:2n-6 | 0.46 ± 0.13 | 19 ± 7 | 18 ± 2 |
20:3n-6 | 2.0 ± 0.4 | 48 ± 14 | 72 ± 10 |
20:4n-6 | 39 ± 6 | 1,068 ± 228 | 925 ± 129 |
22:2n-6 | 0.08 ± 0.02 | 4.4 ± 0.9 | 4.9 ± 2.3 |
22:4n-6 | 8.5 ± 1.8 | 118 ± 26 | 106 ± 13 |
22:5n-6 | 1.6 ± 0.6 | 613 ± 97 | 350 ± 28 |
Total n-6 PUFA | 62 ± 11 | 2,344 ± 780 | 1,757 ± 220 |
n-3 PUFA | |||
d5-18:3n-3 | – | 7 ± 10 | 4.5 ± 3.2 |
18:3n-3 | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.67 ± 0.37 | 0.88 ± 0.22 |
d5-20:5n-3 | – | 3.1 ± 1.1 | 2.7 ± 0.5 |
20:5n-3 | 0.95 ± 0.21 | 0.83 ± 0.39 | 7.0 ± 1.5 |
d5-22:5n-3 | – | 6.9 ± 4.5 | 2.4 ± 1.0 |
22:5n-3 | 2.2 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 1.1 | 6.2 ± 1.9 |
d5-22:6n-3 | – | 115 ± 24 | 34 ± 5 |
22:6n-3 | 9.0 ± 1.6 | 24 ± 7 | 287 ± 38 |
Total n-3 PUFA | 12 ± 2 | 171 ± 64 | 345 ± 48 |
Total fatty acids | 203 ± 37 | 7,564 ± 4,698 | 5,374 ± 809 |
28 Day-old | |||
---|---|---|---|
Fatty Acid | 8 Day Dam-reared | d5-LNA Diet | d5-LNA + DHA Diet |
mg/total skin | |||
Saturates | |||
10:0 | 6.4 ± 3.9 | 7.5 ± 3.8 | 8.0 ± 6.7 |
12:0 | 45 ± 24 | 99 ± 17 | 95 ± 22 |
14:0 | 37 ± 18 | 64 ± 9 | 62 ± 12 |
16:0 | 66 ± 26 | 110 ± 18 | 115 ± 26 |
18:0 | 16 ± 5 | 45 ± 4 | 45 ± 3.7 |
20:0 | 0.33 ± 0.08 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.1 |
22:0 | 0.43 ± 0.07 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.2 |
24:0 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 3.3 ± 0.6 | 3.5 ± 0.3 |
Total saturates | 173 ± 77 | 330 ± 49 | 331 ± 70 |
Monounsaturates | |||
16:ln-7 | 8.3 ± 4.5 | 9.4 ± 2.9 | 10 ± 4 |
18:ln-7 | 6.6 ± 2.1 | 6.6 ± 1.1 | 5.8 ± 0.9 |
18:ln-9 | 52 ± 17 | 774 ± 102 | 761 ± 135 |
20:ln-9 | 0.86 ± 0.20 | 3.8 ± 0.5 | 3.6 ± 0.4 |
22:ln-9 | 0.13 ± 0.02 | 0.68 ± 0.07 | 0.67 ± 0.06 |
24:ln-9 | 0.21 ± 0.04 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.2 |
Total monounsaturates | 68 ± 23 | 796 ± 104 | 783 ± 138 |
n-6 PUFA | |||
18:2n-6 | 30 ± 8 | 147 ± 18 | 156 ± 26 |
18:3n-6 | 0.52 ± 0.17 | 0.76 ± 0.14 | 0.63 ± 0.13 |
20:2n-6 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 1.6 ± 0.3 | 1.7 ± 0.2 |
20:3n-6 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 2.1 ± 0.5 |
20:4n-6 | 6.7 ± 1.4 | 17 ± 2 | 13 ± 1 |
22:2n-6 | 0.12 ± 0.04 | 0.41 ± 0.14 | 0.43 ± 0.15 |
22:4n-6 | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 1.9 ± 0.4 | 1.0 ± 0.1 |
22:5n-6 | 0.45 ± 0.07 | 3.3 ± 0.5 | 0.97 ± 0.23 |
Total n-6 PUFA | 42 ± 11 | 174 ± 21 | 176 ± 26 |
n-3 PUFA | |||
d5-18:3n-3 | – | 8.8 ± 1.5 | 9.5 ± 2.1 |
18:3n-3 | 2.6 ± 1.2 | 0.72 ± 0.29 | 0.68 ± 0.14 |
d5-20:5n-3 | – | 0.15 ± 0.03 | 0.23 ± 0.05 |
20:5n-3 | 0.48 ± 0.20 | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.36 ± 0.08 |
d5-22:5n-3 | – | 0.49 ± 0.13 | 0.28 ± 0.06 |
22:5n-3 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 0.14 ± 0.04 | 0.49 ± 0.09 |
d5-22:6n-3 | – | 1.6 ± 0.2 | 0.94 ± 0.15 |
22:6n-3 | 2.4 ± 0.5 | 0.50 ± 0.10 | 12 ± 3 |
Total n-3 PUFA | 6.8 ± 2.2 | 12 ± 2 | 24 ± 5 |
Total fatty acids | 291 ± 112 | 1,313 ± 171 | 1,314 ± 234 |
28 Day-old | |||
---|---|---|---|
Fatty Acid | 8 Day Dam-reared | d5-LNA Diet | d5-LNA + DHA Diet |
mg/total skeletal muscle | |||
Saturates | |||
10:0 | 0.3 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.6 ± 0.3 |
12:0 | 2.5 ± 1.7 | 10 ± 2 | 11 ± 2 |
14:0 | 2.8 ± 1.4 | 9.1 ± 1.4 | 9.0 ± 1.5 |
16:0 | 7.9 ± 2.6 | 49 ± 7 | 46 ± 6 |
18:0 | 4.6 ± 1.0 | 46 ± 5 | 39 ± 6.4 |
20:0 | 0.07 ± 0.01 | 0.36 ± 0.06 | 0.32 ± 0.06 |
22:0 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.24 ± 0.03 | 0.28 ± 0.09 |
24:0 | 0.09 ± 0.01 | 0.68 ± 0.10 | 0.52 ± 0.23 |
Total saturates | 18 ± 7 | 116 ± 13 | 107 ± 14 |
Monounsaturates | |||
16:1n-7 | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.5 | 1.7 ± 0.4 |
18:1n-7 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 3.6 ± 1.0 | 2.4 ± 0.4 |
18:1n-9 | 6.1 ± 3.3 | 137 ± 20 | 125 ± 24 |
20:1n-9 | 0.12 ± 0.04 | 1.7 ± 0.2 | 1.4 ± 0.2 |
22:1n-9 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.25 ± 0.02 | 0.24 ± 0.05 |
24:ln-9 | 0.12 ± 0.01 | 1.5 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.4 |
Total monounsaturates | 8.0 ± 3.9 | 145 ± 21 | 132 ± 25 |
n-6 PUFA | |||
18:2n-6 | 3.2 ± 1.0 | 62 ± 7 | 50 ± 8 |
18:3n-6 | 0.06 ± 0.03 | 0.35 ± 0.08 | 0.25 ± 0.06 |
20:2n-6 | 0.26 ± 0.05 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.2 |
20:3n-6 | 0.42 ± 0.10 | 3.0 ± 0.6 | 2.6 ± 0.5 |
20:4n-6 | 3.8 ± 0.6 | 37 ± 5 | 22 ± 3 |
22:2n-6 | 0.02 ± 0.004 | 0.16 ± 0.05 | 0.14 ± 0.02 |
22:4n-6 | 0.77 ± 0.12 | 3.9 ± 0.6 | 1.2 ± 0.2 |
22:5n-6 | 0.24 ± 0.05 | 12 ± 1 | 1.2 ± 0.2 |
Total n-6 PUFA | 8.8 ± 1.9 | 121 ± 14 | 78 ± 11 |
n-3 PUFA | |||
d5-18:3n-3 | – | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.3 ± 0.3 |
18:3n-3 | 0.20 ± 0.09 | 0.08 ± 0.02 | 0.08 ± 0.02 |
d5-20:5n-3 | – | 0.28 ± 0.05 | 0.28 ± 0.06 |
20:5n-3 | 0.13 ± 0.05 | 0.07 ± 0.01 | 0.55 ± 0.09 |
d5-22:5n-3 | – | 1.77 ± 0.31 | 0.67 ± 0.13 |
22:5n-3 | 0.64 ± 0.12 | 0.64 ± 0.11 | 1.3 ± 0.3 |
d5-22:6n-3 | – | 11 ± 1 | 4.3 ± 0.8 |
22:6n-3 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 4.3 ± 0.6 | 46 ± 9 |
Total n-3 PUFA | 2.1 ± 0.4 | 19 ± 2 | 54 ± 10 |
Total fatty acids | 37 ± 13 | 401 ± 45 | 371 ± 51 |
28 Day-old | |||
---|---|---|---|
Fatty Acid | 8 Day Dam-reared | d5-LNA Diet | d5-LNA + DHA Diet |
mg/total bones | |||
Saturates | |||
10:0 | 0.03 ± 0.03 | 0.01 ± 0.02 | 0.01 ± 0.01 |
12:0 | 0.44 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.7 | 1.0 ± 0.5 |
14:0 | 0.65 ± 0.3 | 1.6 ± 0.6 | 1.6 ± 0.7 |
16:0 | 3.2 ± 1.0 | 11 ± 2 | 12 ± 4 |
18:0 | 1.9 ± 0.4 | 9.1 ± 1.3 | 9.6 ± 3.4 |
20:0 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.11 ± 0.02 | 0.12 ± 0.04 |
22:0 | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.13 ± 0.01 | 0.14 ± 0.05 |
24:0 | 0.09 ± 0.02 | 0.26 ± 0.03 | 0.28 ± 0.09 |
Total saturates | 6.4 ± 1.8 | 23 ± 4 | 24 ± 9 |
Monounsaturates | |||
16:1n-7 | 0.30 ± 0.10 | 0.68 ± 0.14 | 0.78 ± 0.25 |
18:1n-7 | 0.47 ± 0.11 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.4 |
18:1n-9 | 2.0 ± 0.5 | 26 ± 9 | 27 ± 12 |
20:1n-9 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.61 ± 0.12 | 0.57 ± 0.25 |
22:1n-9 | 0.01 ± 0.002 | 0.14 ± 0.02 | 0.14 ± 0.05 |
24:1n-9 | 0.09 ± 0.02 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.4 |
Total monounsaturates | 2.9 ± 0.7 | 30 ± 9 | 30 ± 13 |
n-6 PUFA | |||
18:2n-6 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 6.2 ± 1.7 | 7.5 ± 2.8 |
18:3n-6 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.07 ± 0.03 | 0.04 ± 0.01 |
20:2n-6 | 0.14 ± 0.03 | 0.43 ± 0.05 | 0.51 ± 0.18 |
20:3n-6 | 0.14 ± 0.03 | 0.49 ± 0.03 | 0.72 ± 0.20 |
20:4n-6 | 1.9 ± 0.4 | 9.4 ± 1.4 | 8.5 ± 3.0 |
22:2n-6 | 0.01 ± 0.002 | 0.05 ± 0.005 | 0.05 ± 0.01 |
22:4n-6 | 0.32 ± 0.05 | 1.6 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.5 |
22:5n-6 | 0.08 ± 0.02 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 0.18 ± 0.05 |
Total n-6 PUFA | 3.6 ± 0.8 | 20 ± 3 | 18 ± 7 |
n-3 PUFA | |||
d5-18:3n-3 | – | 0.22 ± 0.11 | 0.24 ± 0.11 |
18:3n-3 | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.01 ± 0.01 |
5-20:5n-3 | – | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.07 ± 0.02 |
20:5n-3 | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.13 ± 0.03 |
d5-22:5n-3 | – | 0.26 ± 0.03 | 0.19 ± 0.06 |
22:5n-3 | 0.20 ± 0.04 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.28 ± 0.10 |
d5-22:6n-3 | – | 0.89 ± 0.14 | 0.35 ± 0.14 |
22:6n-3 | 0.40 ± 0.08 | 0.21 ± 0.04 | 3.8 ± 1.1 |
Total n-3 PUFA | 0.69 ± 0.14 | 1.7 ± 0.3 | 5.1 ± 1.5 |
Total fatty acids | 78 ± 30 | 74 ± 16 | 78 ± 30 |
28 Day-old | |||
---|---|---|---|
Fatty Acid | 8 Day Dam-reared | d5-LNA Diet | d5-LNA + DHA Diet |
mg/total brown adipose | |||
Saturates | |||
10:0 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 1.4 ± 0.3 |
12:0 | 1.4 ± 0.9 | 23 ± 4 | 21 ± 2 |
14:0 | 1.6 ± 1.0 | 26 ± 5 | 25 ± 4 |
16:0 | 4.1 ± 1.8 | 64 ± 14 | 70 ± 15 |
18:0 | 3.5 ± 0.9 | 27 ± 5 | 30 ± 4 |
20:0 | 0.07 ± 0.03 | 0.35 ± 0.06 | 0.39 ± 0.06 |
22:0 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.09 ± 0.01 | 0.09 ± 0.01 |
24:0 | 0.08 ± 0.02 | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 0.10 ± 0.05 |
Total saturates | 11 ± 5 | 142 ± 26 | 148 ± 23 |
Monounsaturates | |||
16:1n-7 | 0.25 ± 0.16 | 2.6 ± 0.7 | 2.9 ± 1.4 |
18:1n-7 | 0.57 ± 0.20 | 2.3 ± 0.5 | 2.3 ± 0.6 |
18:1n-9 | 4.4 ± 1.9 | 207 ± 25 | 208 ± 16 |
20:1n-9 | 0.16 ± 0.06 | 2.4 ± 0.4 | 2.6 ± 0.3 |
22:1n-9 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.16 ± 0.03 | 0.18 ± 0.03 |
24:1n-9 | 0.07 ± 0.02 | 0.29 ± 0.04 | 0.31 ± 0.06 |
Total monounsaturates | 5.5 ± 2.3 | 215 ± 26 | 216 ± 18 |
n-6 PUFA | |||
18:2n-6 | 3.4 ± 0.3 | 45 ± 5 | 49 ± 5 |
18:3n-6 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.3 ± 0.07 | 0.22 ± 0.03 |
20:2n-6 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.20 | 1.3 ± 0.1 |
20:3n-6 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 1.3 ± 0.29 | 1.5 ± 0.2 |
20:4n-6 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 4.9 ± 1.2 | 5.2 ± 0.9 |
22:2n-6 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.14 ± 0.05 | 0.13 ± 0.02 |
22:4n-6 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 1.7 ± 0.2 |
22:5n-6 | 0.21 ± 0.05 | 2.2 ± 0.6 | 0.8 ± 0.1 |
Total n-6 PUFA | 7.6 ± 2.0 | 57 ± 7 | 60 ± 5 |
n-3 PUFA | |||
d5-18:3n-3 | – | 2.7 ± 0.4 | 2.9 ± 0.2 |
18:3n-3 | 0.11 ± 0.06 | 0.41 ± 0.18 | 0.40 ± 0.15 |
d5-20:5n-3 | – | 0.08 ± 0.03 | 0.11 ± 0.01 |
20:5n-3 | 0.07 ± 0.02 | 0.06 ± 0.03 | 0.20 ± 0.02 |
d5-22:5n-3 | – | 0.23 ± 0.11 | 0.26 ± 0.02 |
22:5n-3 | 0.43 ± 0.09 | 0.59 ± 0.15 | 0.94 ± 0.17 |
d5-22:6n-3 | – | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.1 |
22:6n-3 | 0.89 ± 0.19 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 15 ± 1 |
Total n-3 PUFA | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 7.1 ± 1.5 | 21 ± 1 |
Total fatty acids | 25 ± 9 | 421 ± 57 | 445 ± 45 |
28 Day-old | |||
---|---|---|---|
Fatty Acid | 8 Day Dam-reared | d5-LNA Diet | d5-LNA + DHA Diet |
mg/total white adipose | |||
Saturates | |||
10:0 | 9.8 ± 8.1 | 59 ± 9 | 62 ± 8 |
12:0 | 52 ± 33 | 279 ± 51 | 302 ± 32 |
14:0 | 44 ± 25 | 166 ± 33 | 182 ± 22 |
16:0 | 89 ± 38 | 280 ± 62 | 347 ± 54 |
18:0 | 18 ± 6 | 81 ± 14 | 90 ± 7 |
20:0 | 0.21 ± 0.06 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.4 |
22:0 | 0.08 ± 0.02 | 0.41 ± 0.14 | 0.49 ± 0.47 |
24:0 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.29 ± 0.11 | 2.0 ± 1.4 |
Total saturates | 213 ± 109 | 867 ± 163 | 986 ± 117 |
Monounsaturates | |||
16:1n-7 | 13 ± 7 | 29 ± 11 | 38 ± 10 |
18:1n-7 | 72 ± 24 | 14 ± 4 | 14 ± 4 |
18:1n-9 | 8.1 ± 2.2 | 2096 ± 341 | 2228 ± 161 |
20:1n-9 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 10 ± 2 | 10 ± 1 |
22:1n-9 | 0.10 ± 0.02 | 0.46 ± 0.09 | 0.44 ± 0.05 |
24:1n-9 | 0.12 ± 0.05 | 0.65 ± 0.29 | 0.71 ± 0.16 |
Total monounsaturates | 94 ± 32 | 2,150 ± 354 | 2,291 ± 172 |
n-6 PUFA | |||
18:2n-6 | 36 ± 10 | 384 ± 59 | 438 ± 30 |
18:3n-6 | 0.90 ± 0.24 | 2.5 ± 0.48 | 2.2 ± 0.4 |
20:2n-6 | 2.0 ± 0.6 | 4.6 ± 1.30 | 5.1 ± 0.7 |
20:3n-6 | 2.1 ± 0.5 | 3.3 ± 1.12 | 4.2 ± 0.9 |
20:4n-6 | 5.8 ± 1.7 | 15 ± 4 | 12 ± 1 |
22:2n-6 | 0.13 ± 0.03 | 0.75 ± 0.20 | 0.70 ± 0.52 |
22:4n-6 | 2.0 ± 0.5 | 2.5 ± 0.8 | 1.6 ± 0.4 |
22:5n-6 | 0.75 ± 0.23 | 5.6 ± 1.4 | 2.1 ± 0.5 |
Total n-6 PUFA | 50 ± 14 | 418 ± 67 | 466 ± 33 |
n-3 PUFA | |||
d5-18:3n-3 | – | 28 ± 4 | 33 ± 3 |
18:3n-3 | 3.2 ± 1.5 | 1.7 ± 0.7 | 1.7 ± 0.7 |
d5-20:5n-3 | – | 0.47 ± 0.18 | 0.53 ± 0.11 |
20:5n-3 | 0.71 ± 0.37 | 0.16 ± 0.08 | 0.79 ± 0.20 |
d5-22:5n-3 | – | 0.92 ± 0.42 | 0.78 ± 0.16 |
22:5n-3 | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 0.34 ± 0.17 | 1.2 ± 0.2 |
d5-22:6n-3 | – | 2.2 ± 0.5 | 2.9 ± 0.4 |
22: 6n-3 | 3.4 ± 1.3 | 0.86 ± 0.28 | 34 ± 7 |
Total n-3 PUFA | 9.1 ± 3.7 | 34 ± 6 | 74 ± 10 |
Total fatty acids | 492 ± 361 | 3,469 ± 587 | 3,818 ± 315 |
28 Day-old | |||
---|---|---|---|
Fatty Acid | 8 Day Dam-reared | d5-LNA Diet | d5-LNA + DHA Diet |
mg/total visceral adipose | |||
Saturates | |||
10:0 | 0.22 ± 0.16 | 6.8 ± 1.1 | 4.7 ± 1.4 |
12:0 | 1.9 ± 1.0 | 34 ± 6 | 33 ± 4 |
14:0 | 1.9 ± 0.9 | 22 ± 4 | 23 ± 3 |
16:0 | 4.2 ± 1.3 | 44 ± 9 | 52 ± 8 |
18:0 | 0.94 ± 0.19 | 13 ± 2 | 13 ± 1 |
20:0 | 0.01 ± 0.002 | 0.19 ± 0.07 | 0.16 ± 0.03 |
22:0 | 0.006 ± 0.002 | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.09 ± 0.03 |
24:0 | 0.006 ± 0.001 | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.04 ± 0.03 |
Total saturates | 9.2 ± 3.5 | 121 ± 19 | 126 ± 16 |
Monounsaturates | |||
16:ln-7 | 0.54 ± 0.24 | 3.8 ± 1.3 | 4.6 ± 1.0 |
18:ln-7 | 0.43 ± 0.06 | 0.19 ± 0.07 | 0.18 ± 0.03 |
18:ln-9 | 3.4 ± 0.6 | 332 ± 53 | 315 ± 30 |
20:ln-9 | 0.07 ± 0.01 | 1.1 ± 0.7 | 1.5 ± 0.2 |
22:ln-9 | 0.007 ± 0.001 | 0.08 ± 0.02 | 0.13 ± 0.04 |
24:ln-9 | 0.01 ± 0.004 | 0.08 ± 0.02 | 0.14 ± 0.06 |
Total monounsaturates | 4.5 ± 0.9 | 337 ± 54 | 322 ± 31 |
n-6 PUFA | |||
18:2n-6 | 1.8 ± 0.3 | 58 ± 9 | 60 ± 6 |
18:3n-6 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.37 ± 0.08 | 0.27 ± 0.05 |
20:2n-6 | 0.11 ± 0.02 | 0.60 ± 0.14 | 0.63 ± 0.09 |
20:3n-6 | 0.02 ± 0.003 | 0.37 ± 0.29 | 0.59 ± 0.11 |
20:4n-6 | 0.31 ± 0.05 | 2.0 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.2 |
22:2n-6 | 0.01 ± 0.001 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.07 ± 0.01 |
22:4n-6 | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 0.42 ± 0.12 | 0.23 ± 0.05 |
22:5n-6 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.86 ± 0.17 | 0.26 ± 0.07 |
Total n-6 PUFA | 2.4 ± 0.3 | 63 ± 10 | 63 ± 6 |
n-3 PUFA | |||
d5-18:3n-3 | – | 4.4 ± 0.7 | 4.2 ± 0.5 |
18:3n-3 | 0.16 ± 0.05 | 0.18 ± 0.05 | 0.15 ± 0.03 |
d5-20:5n-3 | – | 0.07 ± 0.04 | 0.09 ± 0.04 |
20:5n-3 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.12 ± 0.03 |
d5-22:5n-3 | – | 0.11 ± 0.04 | 0.12 ± 0.05 |
22:5n-3 | 0.10 ± 0.02 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.16 ± 0.04 |
d5-22:6n-3 | – | 0.35 ± 0.07 | 0.42 ± 0.08 |
22:6n-3 | 0.19 ± 0.03 | 0.11 ± 0.02 | 4.5 ± 1.1 |
Total n-3 PUFA | 0.49 ± 0.10 | 5.3 ± 0.8 | 9.8 ± 1.8 |
Total fatty acids | 17 ± 5 | 526 ± 84 | 520 ± 52 |
28 Day-old | |||
---|---|---|---|
Fatty Acid | 8 Day Dam-reared | d5-LNA Diet | d5-LNA + DHA Diet |
mg/total brain | |||
Saturates | |||
10:0 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.05 ± 0.03 | 0.01 ± 0.003 |
12:0 | 0.01 ± 0.003 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.008 ± 0.005 |
14:0 | 0.30 ± 0.03 | 0.13 ± 0.02 | 0.21 ± 0.10 |
16:0 | 4.2 ± 0.3 | 11 ± 1 | 10 ± 0 |
18:0 | 2.0 ± 0.1 | 9.3 ± 0.8 | 9.5 ± 0.5 |
20:0 | 0.01 ± 0.001 | 0.20 ± 0.04 | 0.22 ± 0.03 |
22:0 | 0.007 ± 0.001 | 0.20 ± 0.04 | 0.24 ± 0.03 |
24:0 | 0.007 ± 0.002 | 0.39 ± 0.09 | 0.45 ± 0.04 |
Total saturates | 7.1 ± 0.6 | 23 ± 2 | 23 ± 1 |
Monounsaturates | |||
16:ln-7 | 0.21 ± 0.01 | 0.13 ± 0.01 | 0.16 ± 0.01 |
18:ln-7 | 0.35 ± 0.03 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.1 |
18:ln-9 | 1.5 ± 0.1 | 7.6 ± 0.7 | 7.7 ± 0.5 |
20:ln-9 | 0.03 ± 0.003 | 0.25 ± 0.26 | 0.50 ± 0.07 |
22:ln-9 | 0.002 ± 0.0004 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.06 ± 0.01 |
24:ln-9 | 0.01 ± 0.02 | 0.66 ± 0.30 | 0.65 ± 0.09 |
Total monounsaturates | 2.2 ± 0.2 | 11 ± 1 | 11 ± 1 |
n-6 PUFA | |||
18:2n-6 | 0.13 ± 0.02 | 0.35 ± 0.04 | 0.45 ± 0.04 |
18:3n-6 | 0.01 ± 0.001 | 0.004 ± 0.001 | 0.004 ± 0.001 |
20:2n-6 | |||
20:3n-6 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.21 ± 0.02 | 0.31 ± 0.05 |
20:4n-6 | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 5.0 ± 0.3 | 4.7 ± 0.2 |
22:2n-6 | |||
22:4n-6 | 0.39 ± 0.03 | 1.5 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.1 |
22:5n-6 | 0.21 ± 0.02 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 0.25 ± 0.02 |
Total n-6 PUFA | 2.6 ± 0.2 | 8.3 ± 0.5 | 7.0 ± 0.3 |
n-3 PUFA | |||
d5-18:3n-3 | – | 0.002 ± 0.0002 | 0.002 ± 0.0002 |
18:3n-3 | 0.0008 ± 0.0003 | ND | ND |
d5-20:5n-3 | – | 0.002 ± 0.001 | 0.004 ± 0.001 |
20:5n-3 | 0.007 ± 0.001 | 0.001 ± 0.0001 | 0.01 ± 0.004 |
d5-22:5n-3 | – | 0.03 ± 0.002 | 0.02 ± 0.01 |
22:5n-3 | 0.05 ± 0.004 | 0.02 ± 0.003 | 0.06 ± 0.01 |
d5-22:6n-3 | – | 2.4 ± 0.3 | 0.63 ± 0.03 |
22:6n-3 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 3.1 ± 0.4 | 6.3 ± 0.3 |
Total n-3 PUFA | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 5.6 ± 0.4 | 7.1 ± 0.3 |
Total fatty acids | 13 ± 1 | 46 ± 3 | 48 ± 2 |
Saturated fatty acid composition of rat pup organs
Monounsaturated fatty acid composition of rat pup organs
n-6 PUFA composition of rat pup organs
Unlabeled LNA and d5-LNA composition of rat pup organs
Unlabeled EPA and d5-EPA composition of rat pup organs
Unlabeled DPA and d5-DPA composition of rat pup organs
Unlabeled DHA and d5-DHA composition of rat pup organs
Percent distribution of d5-DHA in rat pup organs
Fatty acid composition of rear leg muscle subtypes
DISCUSSION
- Berge R.K.
- Madsen L.
- Vaagenes H.
- Tronstad K.J.
- Gottlicher M.
- Rustan A.C.
Supplementary Material
References
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Published, JLR Papers in Press, May 9, 2008.
This project was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.
Abbreviations
AA, arachidonic acid (20:4n-6)
BHT, butylated hydroxytoluene
DHA, docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3)
d5-DHA, deuterium-labeled docosahexaenoic acid
DPA, docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3)
d5-DPA, deuterium-labeled docosapentaenoic acid
EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3)
d5-EPA, deuterium-labeled eicosapentaenoic acid
FAME, fatty acid methyl ester
LA, linoleic acid (18:2n-6)
LNA, α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3)
d5-LNA, deuterium-labeled α-linolenic acid
RBC, red blood cell
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